Download cardio-vascular system

ADAPTATIONS
RESULTANT INCREASE / DECREASE
NET EFFECT
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Respiratory muscles become stronger
Increase in active alveoli surface area
ADAPTATIONS
Increase in:
 Efficiency of mechanics of breathing
 Maximum exercise lung volumes (minute
ventilation)
 Maximal breathing rate
 Respiratory fatigue resistance
Increase in:
 External respiration / diffusion
 a-VO2 difference (less O2 exhaled = more used)
RESULTANT INCREASE / DECREASE
Increased VO2 max
NET EFFECT
CARDIO-VASCULAR SYSTEM: HEART
Hypertrophy
Increase in:
 volume EDV (filling capacity)
 ventricular stretch and recoil
 force of ventricular contraction
 stroke volume (SV)
 HR recovery after exercise
Decrease in:
 Resting HR (bradycardia)
Increased blood flow
Increased maximal cardiac output
Increased O2 transport
ADAPTATIONS
RESULTANT INCREASE / DECREASE
NET EFFECT
VASCULAR SYSTEM
Increased elasticity of arterial walls
Increased number of RBC’s and increased plasma
volume
Increased capillarisation of alveoli and Type 1
muscle fibre tissues
Increase in:
 Vascular shunt efficiency, to redistribute
blood from organs to active muscles
 BP regulation
Increase in:
 Gaseous exchange / O2 transport
 Venous return
 Stroke volume and cardiac output
Increase in:
 Surface area
 a-VO2 difference
 speed for diffusion
 removal of CO2 and LA during OBLA
Increased circulatory efficiency
Improved O2 and CO2 transport
ADAPTATIONS
RESULTANT INCREASE / DECREASE
NET EFFECT
MUSCULO-SKELETAL SYSTEM
Increased Type 1 and 2a hypertrophy / efficiency
Increased muscle capillarisation
Increased Type 2a fibre ability to work aerobically
Increased myoglobin stores
Increased aerobic enzymes
Increased number of mitochondria
Decrease in:
 energy costs
Increase in:
 O2 and CO2 transport / diffusion
Increase in:
 Fibre type percentage working aerobically
Increase in:
 O2 storage and transport to mitochondria
Improved:
 Reliance on metabolism of FAT instead of
glycogen
Improved:
 Utilisation of O2
Increased maximal capacity of muscle fibres to
generate ATP aerobically