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Force and Motion Vocabulary 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. motion – the state in which one object’s distance from another is changing. reference point – a place or object used for comparison to determine if an object is in motion. position – the exact location of an object. International System of Units (SI) - a system of measurement based on multiples of 10 and on established measures of mass, length and time. Meter – the SI unit length Speed – the distance an object travels per unit of time Average speed – the overall rate of speed at which an object moves; calculated by dividing the total distance an object travels by the total time Instantaneous Speed – the speed of an object at one instant of time Vertical Axis – “Y-Axis” A line that runs up and own along the side of a graph, on which the responding variable (dependent variable) is labeled Horizontal Axis – (“X-Axis”) A line that runs left to right along the bottom of a graph, on which the manipulated variable ( independent variable) is labeled. Slope – the steepness of a line on a graph, equal to its vertical change divided by its horizontal change. Origin – the point where the x-axis and y-axis cross on a graph Coordinate – A pair of numbers used to determine the position of a point on a graph Data point – A point on a graph showing the location of a piece of data Acceleration – the rate at which velocity changes. Increasing speed, decreasing speed or changing direction. Formula: Acceleration = Final Speed – Initial Speed/Time Force – a push or pull exerted on an object Newton – a unit of measure that equals the force required to accelerate 1 kilogram of mass at 1 meter per second per second. Net force – the overall force on an object when all the individual forces acting on it are added together. Unbalanced forces – forces that produce a nonzero net force, which changes an object’s motion. Balanced forces – equal forces acting on an object in opposite directions which does NOT change an object’s motion. Friction – the force that one surface exerts on another when the two surfaces rub against one another Static Friction – friction that acts on objects that are not moving Sliding Friction – friction that occurs when one solid surface slides over another Rolling Friction - friction that occurs when an object rolls over a surface Fluid Friction – friction that occurs as an object moves through a fluid Gravity- the force that pulls objects toward each other Mass – the amount of matter in an object Weight – the force of gravity on an object at the surface of a planet Air resistance – the fluid friction experienced by objects falling through the air Buoyant force – the upward force exerted by a fluid on a submerged object. Newton’s First Law of Motion – an object at rest will remain at rest, and an object moving at a constant velocity will continue moving at a constant velocity, unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. Inertia – the tendency of an object to resist any change in its motion Newton’s Second Law of Motion- acceleration depends on the object’s mass and on the net force acting on the object. 34. Newton’s Third Law of Motion- if one object exerts a force on another object, then the second object exerts a force of equal strength in the opposite direction on the first object. 35. Momentum – the product of an object’s mass and velocity 36. Law of Conservation of Momentum – the rule that in the absence of outside forces the total momentum oh objects that interact does not change 37. Work – force exerted on an object that causes it to move 38. Power – the rate at which work is done 39. Machine – a device that changes the amount of force exerted, the distance over which a force is exerted. 40. input force – the force exerted on a machine 41. output work – the force exerted on an object by a machine 42. mechanical advantage – the number of times a machine increases a force exerted on it 43. efficiency – the percentage of the input work that is concerted to output work 44. potential energy – stored energy 45. kinetic energy – energy that is in motion Force and Motion Vocabulary 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. motion – the state in which one object’s distance from another is changing. reference point – a place or object used for comparison to determine if an object is in motion. position – the exact location of an object. International System of Units (SI) - a system of measurement based on multiples of 10 and on established measures of mass, length and time. Meter – the SI unit length Speed – the distance an object travels per unit of time Average speed – the overall rate of speed at which an object moves; calculated by dividing the total distance an object travels by the total time Instantaneous Speed – the speed of an object at one instant of time Vertical Axis – “Y-Axis” A line that runs up and own along the side of a graph, on which the responding variable (dependent variable) is labeled Horizontal Axis – (“X-Axis”) A line that runs left to right along the bottom of a graph, on which the manipulated variable ( independent variable) is labeled. Slope – the steepness of a line on a graph, equal to its vertical change divided by its horizontal change. Origin – the point where the x-axis and y-axis cross on a graph Coordinate – A pair of numbers used to determine the position of a point on a graph Data point – A point on a graph showing the location of a piece of data Acceleration – the rate at which velocity changes. Increasing speed, decreasing speed or changing direction. Formula: Acceleration = Final Speed – Initial Speed/Time Force – a push or pull exerted on an object Newton – a unit of measure that equals the force required to accelerate 1 kilogram of mass at 1 meter per second per second. Net force – the overall force on an object when all the individual forces acting on it are added together. Unbalanced forces – forces that produce a nonzero net force, which changes an object’s motion. Balanced forces – equal forces acting on an object in opposite directions which does NOT change an object’s motion. Friction – the force that one surface exerts on another when the two surfaces rub against one another Static Friction – friction that acts on objects that are not moving Sliding Friction – friction that occurs when one solid surface slides over another Rolling Friction - friction that occurs when an object rolls over a surface Fluid Friction – friction that occurs as an object moves through a fluid Gravity- the force that pulls objects toward each other Mass – the amount of matter in an object Weight – the force of gravity on an object at the surface of a planet Air resistance – the fluid friction experienced by objects falling through the air Buoyant force – the upward force exerted by a fluid on a submerged object. Newton’s First Law of Motion – an object at rest will remain at rest, and an object moving at a constant velocity will continue moving at a constant velocity, unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. Inertia – the tendency of an object to resist any change in its motion Newton’s Second Law of Motion- acceleration depends on the object’s mass and on the net force acting on the object. 34. Newton’s Third Law of Motion- if one object exerts a force on another object, then the second object exerts a force of equal strength in the opposite direction on the first object. 35. Momentum – the product of an object’s mass and velocity 36. Law of Conservation of Momentum – the rule that in the absence of outside forces the total momentum oh objects that interact does not change 37. Work – force exerted on an object that causes it to move 38. Power – the rate at which work is done 39. Machine – a device that changes the amount of force exerted, the distance over which a force is exerted. 40. input force – the force exerted on a machine 41. output work – the force exerted on an object by a machine 42. mechanical advantage – the number of times a machine increases a force exerted on it 43. efficiency – the percentage of the input work that is concerted to output work 44. potential energy – stored energy 45. kinetic energy – energy that is in motion Force and Motion Vocabulary 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. motion – the state in which one object’s distance from another is changing. reference point – a place or object used for comparison to determine if an object is in motion. position – the exact location of an object. International System of Units (SI) - a system of measurement based on multiples of 10 and on established measures of mass, length and time. Meter – the SI unit length Speed – the distance an object travels per unit of time Average speed – the overall rate of speed at which an object moves; calculated by dividing the total distance an object travels by the total time Instantaneous Speed – the speed of an object at one instant of time Vertical Axis – “Y-Axis” A line that runs up and own along the side of a graph, on which the responding variable (dependent variable) is labeled Horizontal Axis – (“X-Axis”) A line that runs left to right along the bottom of a graph, on which the manipulated variable ( independent variable) is labeled. Slope – the steepness of a line on a graph, equal to its vertical change divided by its horizontal change. Origin – the point where the x-axis and y-axis cross on a graph Coordinate – A pair of numbers used to determine the position of a point on a graph Data point – A point on a graph showing the location of a piece of data Acceleration – the rate at which velocity changes. Increasing speed, decreasing speed or changing direction. Formula: Acceleration = Final Speed – Initial Speed/Time Force – a push or pull exerted on an object Newton – a unit of measure that equals the force required to accelerate 1 kilogram of mass at 1 meter per second per second. Net force – the overall force on an object when all the individual forces acting on it are added together. Unbalanced forces – forces that produce a nonzero net force, which changes an object’s motion. Balanced forces – equal forces acting on an object in opposite directions which does NOT change an object’s motion. Friction – the force that one surface exerts on another when the two surfaces rub against one another Static Friction – friction that acts on objects that are not moving Sliding Friction – friction that occurs when one solid surface slides over another Rolling Friction - friction that occurs when an object rolls over a surface Fluid Friction – friction that occurs as an object moves through a fluid Gravity- the force that pulls objects toward each other Mass – the amount of matter in an object Weight – the force of gravity on an object at the surface of a planet Air resistance – the fluid friction experienced by objects falling through the air Buoyant force – the upward force exerted by a fluid on a submerged object. Newton’s First Law of Motion – an object at rest will remain at rest, and an object moving at a constant velocity will continue moving at a constant velocity, unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. Inertia – the tendency of an object to resist any change in its motion Newton’s Second Law of Motion- acceleration depends on the object’s mass and on the net force acting on the object. 34. Newton’s Third Law of Motion- if one object exerts a force on another object, then the second object exerts a force of equal strength in the opposite direction on the first object. 35. Momentum – the product of an object’s mass and velocity 36. Law of Conservation of Momentum – the rule that in the absence of outside forces the total momentum oh objects that interact does not change 37. Work – force exerted on an object that causes it to move 38. Power – the rate at which work is done 39. Machine – a device that changes the amount of force exerted, the distance over which a force is exerted. 40. input force – the force exerted on a machine 41. output work – the force exerted on an object by a machine 42. mechanical advantage – the number of times a machine increases a force exerted on it 43. efficiency – the percentage of the input work that is concerted to output work 44. potential energy – stored energy 45. kinetic energy – energy that is in motion Force and Motion Vocabulary 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. motion – the state in which one object’s distance from another is changing. reference point – a place or object used for comparison to determine if an object is in motion. position – the exact location of an object. International System of Units (SI) - a system of measurement based on multiples of 10 and on established measures of mass, length and time. Meter – the SI unit length Speed – the distance an object travels per unit of time Average speed – the overall rate of speed at which an object moves; calculated by dividing the total distance an object travels by the total time Instantaneous Speed – the speed of an object at one instant of time Vertical Axis – “Y-Axis” A line that runs up and own along the side of a graph, on which the responding variable (dependent variable) is labeled Horizontal Axis – (“X-Axis”) A line that runs left to right along the bottom of a graph, on which the manipulated variable ( independent variable) is labeled. Slope – the steepness of a line on a graph, equal to its vertical change divided by its horizontal change. Origin – the point where the x-axis and y-axis cross on a graph Coordinate – A pair of numbers used to determine the position of a point on a graph Data point – A point on a graph showing the location of a piece of data Acceleration – the rate at which velocity changes. Increasing speed, decreasing speed or changing direction. Formula: Acceleration = Final Speed – Initial Speed/Time Force – a push or pull exerted on an object Newton – a unit of measure that equals the force required to accelerate 1 kilogram of mass at 1 meter per second per second. Net force – the overall force on an object when all the individual forces acting on it are added together. Unbalanced forces – forces that produce a nonzero net force, which changes an object’s motion. Balanced forces – equal forces acting on an object in opposite directions which does NOT change an object’s motion. Friction – the force that one surface exerts on another when the two surfaces rub against one another Static Friction – friction that acts on objects that are not moving Sliding Friction – friction that occurs when one solid surface slides over another Rolling Friction - friction that occurs when an object rolls over a surface Fluid Friction – friction that occurs as an object moves through a fluid Gravity- the force that pulls objects toward each other Mass – the amount of matter in an object Weight – the force of gravity on an object at the surface of a planet Air resistance – the fluid friction experienced by objects falling through the air Buoyant force – the upward force exerted by a fluid on a submerged object. Newton’s First Law of Motion – an object at rest will remain at rest, and an object moving at a constant velocity will continue moving at a constant velocity, unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. Inertia – the tendency of an object to resist any change in its motion Newton’s Second Law of Motion- acceleration depends on the object’s mass and on the net force acting on the object. 34. Newton’s Third Law of Motion- if one object exerts a force on another object, then the second object exerts a force of equal strength in the opposite direction on the first object. 35. Momentum – the product of an object’s mass and velocity 36. Law of Conservation of Momentum – the rule that in the absence of outside forces the total momentum oh objects that interact does not change 37. Work – force exerted on an object that causes it to move 38. Power – the rate at which work is done 39. Machine – a device that changes the amount of force exerted, the distance over which a force is exerted. 40. input force – the force exerted on a machine 41. output work – the force exerted on an object by a machine 42. mechanical advantage – the number of times a machine increases a force exerted on it 43. efficiency – the percentage of the input work that is concerted to output work 44. potential energy – stored energy 45. kinetic energy – energy that is in motion Force and Motion Vocabulary 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. motion – the state in which one object’s distance from another is changing. reference point – a place or object used for comparison to determine if an object is in motion. position – the exact location of an object. International System of Units (SI) - a system of measurement based on multiples of 10 and on established measures of mass, length and time. Meter – the SI unit length Speed – the distance an object travels per unit of time Average speed – the overall rate of speed at which an object moves; calculated by dividing the total distance an object travels by the total time Instantaneous Speed – the speed of an object at one instant of time Vertical Axis – “Y-Axis” A line that runs up and own along the side of a graph, on which the responding variable (dependent variable) is labeled Horizontal Axis – (“X-Axis”) A line that runs left to right along the bottom of a graph, on which the manipulated variable ( independent variable) is labeled. Slope – the steepness of a line on a graph, equal to its vertical change divided by its horizontal change. Origin – the point where the x-axis and y-axis cross on a graph Coordinate – A pair of numbers used to determine the position of a point on a graph Data point – A point on a graph showing the location of a piece of data Acceleration – the rate at which velocity changes. Increasing speed, decreasing speed or changing direction. Formula: Acceleration = Final Speed – Initial Speed/Time Force – a push or pull exerted on an object Newton – a unit of measure that equals the force required to accelerate 1 kilogram of mass at 1 meter per second per second. Net force – the overall force on an object when all the individual forces acting on it are added together. Unbalanced forces – forces that produce a nonzero net force, which changes an object’s motion. Balanced forces – equal forces acting on an object in opposite directions which does NOT change an object’s motion. Friction – the force that one surface exerts on another when the two surfaces rub against one another Static Friction – friction that acts on objects that are not moving Sliding Friction – friction that occurs when one solid surface slides over another Rolling Friction - friction that occurs when an object rolls over a surface Fluid Friction – friction that occurs as an object moves through a fluid Gravity- the force that pulls objects toward each other Mass – the amount of matter in an object Weight – the force of gravity on an object at the surface of a planet Air resistance – the fluid friction experienced by objects falling through the air Buoyant force – the upward force exerted by a fluid on a submerged object. Newton’s First Law of Motion – an object at rest will remain at rest, and an object moving at a constant velocity will continue moving at a constant velocity, unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. Inertia – the tendency of an object to resist any change in its motion Newton’s Second Law of Motion- acceleration depends on the object’s mass and on the net force acting on the object. 34. Newton’s Third Law of Motion- if one object exerts a force on another object, then the second object exerts a force of equal strength in the opposite direction on the first object. 35. Momentum – the product of an object’s mass and velocity 36. Law of Conservation of Momentum – the rule that in the absence of outside forces the total momentum oh objects that interact does not change 37. Work – force exerted on an object that causes it to move 38. Power – the rate at which work is done 39. Machine – a device that changes the amount of force exerted, the distance over which a force is exerted. 40. input force – the force exerted on a machine 41. output work – the force exerted on an object by a machine 42. mechanical advantage – the number of times a machine increases a force exerted on it 43. efficiency – the percentage of the input work that is concerted to output work 44. potential energy – stored energy 45. kinetic energy – energy that is in motion