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Download Chapter 3 Study Guide Fronts Cold Front — cold air under warm air
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Chapter 3 Study Guide Fronts Cold Front — cold air under warm air - moves quickly - brings thunderstorms, heavy rain or snow Warm Front — warm air moves over cold air - warm gradually replaces cold - brings drizzle then clear and warm weather Occluded Front — warm air mass caught between 2 cold air masses - warm air mass gets pushed up - cool temperature - large amounts of rain and snow Stationary Front — when cold and warm meet but cold is not strong enough to lift the warm air out of the way - remain separated - brings days of cloudy, wet weather Hurricanes – most powerful storms on Earth, begin as a thunderstorm over tropical oceans - eye of a hurricane – has warm, calm air and light wind Tornadoes – wind moving in two directions make air in the middle spin - 75% of world’s tornadoes occur in the US - is dangerous because of strong winds Lightning – most dangerous part of the thunderstorms - is an electric discharge between a positively charged area and a negatively charged area Precipitation Rain — most common - falls when water droplets are too heavy to remain in a cloud Sleet — rain that freezes on its way to the ground Snow — freezes before it falls Hail — Balls or lumps of ice - forms in cumulonimbus clouds - raindrops created high in the clouds and freeze — happens many times making them bigger - falls when it becomes too heavy Clouds – made up of water droplets suspended in the air Cumulus - puffy, white with flat bottoms - generally indicate fair weather - when they get larger become Cumulonimbus Clouds and produce thunderstorms Stratus - form in layers that cover large area and block out sun - Nimbostratus Clouds- dark stratus clouds- produce light or heavy continuous rain - fog is a stratus cloud that forms near the ground Cirrus - thin, feathery white clouds - found very high - formed by strong winds Labels - 1st letter — moisture content - 2nd letter — temperature m == maritime == wet == forms over water c == continental == dry == forms over land P == polar == cold == forms over polar regions T == tropical == warm == develops over the tropics Dew Point – happens when relative humidity is 100% - an increase in temperature increases air’s ability to hold water vapor Relative humidity – amount of water vapor in the air compared to the maximum it can hold Condensation – process in which water vapor cools and turns into liquid Cyclones – lower pressure than surrounding area – winds that spiral toward center and cause stormy weather Anticyclones – rotation of air around a high pressure center – spin in opposite direction of the Earth’s rotation – bring dry, clear weather - both used by meteorologist to predict the weather Meteorologists - air pressure measured by a barometer - air speed measured by anemometer - radar – locates precipitation - use images of weather systems from weather satellites - isobars – used to show high and low pressure areas – purpose – to connect points of equal pressure on a weather map
