Download Carbon Compounds

Topic:
Carbon
Compounds
Name: ___________________________ Date:____________
Objective: - SWBAT explain the structure and function of the four organic/ carbon
compounds: lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Questions/Main Ideas:
Bonds
What are three types of
1. Ionic bond= strong bond where one element gives up electrons to
bonds in molecules?
another element
2. Covalent bond= strong bond where electrons are shared by both
elements
3. Hydrogen bond= weak bond between hydrogen atoms
Carbon= 6th element on the period table; makes
compounds organic
Organic Chemistry- the study of carbon compounds
- Carbon atoms form strong covalent bonds.
- Carbon can also bond to other carbon atoms
making unlimited chains with single, double, or triple bonds.
How are polymers
made?
Macromolecule= “giant” molecules
Polymerization/ Dehydration
Synthesis = making large
compounds (polymers) from simple
monomers using covalent bonds
- “mono” = one;
- “poly” = many
- releases water in the process
How are polymers
broken down into
monomers?
Hydrolysis- breaking down organic compounds (polymers into monomers)
- requires water
- breaks the covalent bonds
What are the 4 Carbon
Compounds?
Carbohydrates= main/ first source of energy
- Structure- Found in a ratio of (1:2:1)= 1 Carbon:
2 Hydrogen :1 Oxygen (Example: C6H12O6)
- Monomer= Monosaccharides- single sugar
molecules.
Examples: glucose, galactose (milk), and
fructose (fruit)
- Disaccharides- two monosaccharides put together
Examples: maltose, lactose (milk), sucrose (table sugar)
- Polysaccharides- long chains of carbohydrate molecules.
Examples: glycogen (in animal muscle tissue) and cellulose (in
plants)
Lipids= store energy.
- Structure- Contain carbon and hydrogen atoms.
Different structures of lipids:
- Saturated- maximum number of H+
atoms used; the BAD BOYS!
Unhealthiest version
- Unsaturated- contain at least 1 C=C
bond, liquid at room temperature
- Polyunsaturated- more than 1 double
bond
Examples of lipids:
- Triglycerides- found in solid state and liquid state as oil
- Phospholipids- responsible for the structure and function of cell
membranes
- Waxes- in beehives and plant leaves
- Steroids- chemical messengers like cholesterol and hormones
Nucleic Acids
- Structure- made up of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and
phosphorus.
- Monomer= nucleotide
o Phosphate
o Base (made of nitrogen
o Sugar (5 carbon)
- Ex.: DNA, RNA, and ATP (made up of 3
phosphates and stores energy for the cell)
Proteins
- Structure- made up of nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
- Monomer= Amino Acids
- There are more than 20 different amino acids
- Proteins are joined together by peptide bonds
- Shapes of a protein:
o Primary- long thin line of amino acids
o Secondary- 3D folds
o Tertiary- “glob”
Functions of proteins include:
- Control reactions
- Regulate cell functions
- Form bones and muscles
- Fight disease
- Transport substances