Download Grade 8 Social Studies Unit 6

Integrated United States History
The Civil War
SS0806
Eighth Grade Social Studies: Integrated United States History
Unit 6: The Civil War
Big Picture Organizer
Overarching Question:
Why is the Civil War era considered a pivotal chapter in American history?
Previous Unit:
This Unit:
The Coming of the Civil
War
Next Unit:
The Civil War
Reconstruction
Questions To Focus Assessment and Instruction:
1. How did the Civil War affect Americans and American society?
2. How and why did the North win the Civil War?
3. How did Lincoln’s presidency affect the nation and its people?
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Integrated United States History
The Civil War
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Graphic Organizer
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Integrated United States History
The Civil War
High School Foundations (See F1.1 and F1.2)
Analyze how American society moved towards or away from its core ideals as found in
the Gettysburg Address.
Use the Civil War to develop an argument/narrative about the changing character of
American political society by discussing:
• republican government, including the rule of law, inalienable rights, equality, and
limited government
• the competing views of the responsibilities of governments
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Public Issues:
• Liberty vs. Security:
Competing interests of liberty
and security.
• Balance of Power:
Distribution of power among
central government, state
governments, and the
people.
Unit Abstract
In this unit students examine the course and character of the Civil War. Using charts and graphs,
students begin by analyzing the respective advantages and disadvantages of the Union and the
Confederacy on the eve of the Civil War. In analyzing how and why the North won the war,
students analyze Lincoln’s presidency with respect to his military and political leadership. They
also examine turning points in the war and evaluate how political, military, and diplomatic
leadership affected the outcome of the conflict. Particular attention is paid to the evolution of
Lincoln’s emancipation policy and the relationship of his significant writings and speeches to the
Declaration of Independence. Using recorded oral histories of enslaved blacks and documents
written by Americans on both sides of the war, students investigate the character of the Civil War
and its affect on American society. They explore the role of blacks during the war, including black
soldiers and regiments and the increased resistance of enslaved peoples. They compare the
motives for fighting and the daily life experiences of people from both sides during the war. Using a
variety of primary and secondary sources, students construct generalizations about how the war
affected combatants, civilians (including women), the physical environment, American society, and
the future of warfare including technological developments. Throughout the unit students employ
critical literacy strategies to explore the construction of historical interpretations and to evaluate
how the Civil War has been portrayed.
Focus Questions
1. How did the Civil War affect Americans and American society?
2. How and why did the North win the Civil War?
3. How did Lincoln’s presidency affect the nation and its people?
Content Expectations
8 – U5.2.2: Make an argument to explain the reasons why the North won the Civil War by
considering the
• critical events and battles in the war
• the political and military leadership of the North and South
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Integrated United States History
The Civil War
SS0806
• the respective advantages and disadvantages, including geographic, demographic,
economic and technological
8 – U5.2.3:
Examine Abraham Lincoln’s presidency with respect to
• his military and political leadership
• the evolution of his emancipation policy (including the Emancipation Proclamation)
• and the role of his significant writings and speeches, including the Gettysburg
Address and its relationship to the Declaration of Independence.
8 – U5.2.4:
Describe the role of African Americans in the war, including black soldiers and
regiments, and the increased resistance of enslaved peoples.
8 – U5.2.5:
Construct generalizations about how the war affected combatants, civilians (including
the role of women), the physical environment, and the future of warfare, including
technological developments.
Key Concepts
civil war
Confederate States of America
demographic/economic/geographic/technological advantages
emancipation
military and political leadership
perspective/ point of view
total war
turning point
Union
Duration
3 weeks
Topics for Lessons
Lesson 1 – Comparing the North and South at the Brink of War
Lesson 2 – Lincoln and the Preservation of Union
Lesson 3 - Political and Military Leadership during the War
Lesson 4 - The Course and Character of the War
Lesson 5 - Developing an Emancipation Policy
Lesson 6 - Combatants, African Americans, and Women in the War
Lesson 7 – Comparing the Gettysburg Address and the Declaration of Independence
Lesson 8 - Turning Points and Surrender
Assessment
Selected Response Items
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Integrated United States History
The Civil War
SS0806
Constructed Response Items
Extended Response Items
Performance Assessments
8 – U5.2.4
8 – U5.2.5
After reading historical biographies or primary sources, explain in writing how
several events from the Civil War era affected the lives of at least three of the
following: Freed African Americans, enslaved African Americans, northern
merchants, southern plantation owners, southern farmers, Union or
Confederate soldiers, women, and children.
8 – U5.2.2
Create a propaganda poster for the war from the perspective of one side. The
poster should include at least three of the following reasons that side will
prevail: geographic, demographic, economic, technological, and/or
leadership advantages.
8 – U5.2.3
Create two political cartoons (one from the perspective of the North and one
from the South) that characterizes Lincoln’s presidency with respect to his
military and political leadership. The cartoons should include a depiction of
Lincoln’s decision to issue the Emancipation Proclamation or his speech at
Gettysburg.
Resources
Equipment/Manipulative
Computer with Internet access
Student Resource
A Nation Divided: The U.S. Civil War, 1861-1865. The History Place. 7 August 2008
<www.historyplace.com/civilwar/>.
A Nurse’s View of Battle. About.com. 7 August 2008
<http://womenshistory.about.com/library/etext/bl_bullrun_001a.htm>.
American History, Civil War Battles. About.com. 7 August 2008
<http://americanhistory.about.com/od/civilwarbattles/>.
Assignment Discovery: America at War: Charge and Defeat. Discovery Channel School. 2004.
United Streaming. 7 August 2008 <http://www.unitedstreaming.com/>.
<http://www.unitedstreaming.com/search/assetDetail.cfm?guidAssetID=A60D45B4-F25F42D1-AE66-4FC09685ACA9&tabStart=videoSegments>. (The first 13 segments on the
Battle of Gettysburg).
Michigan Citizenship Collaborative Curriculum
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Integrated United States History
The Civil War
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The Bonnie Blue Flag. Digital Tradition Mirror. 7 August 2008
<http://sniff.numachi.com/pages/tiBONBLUE;ttBONBLUE.html>.
Civil War.com. 7 August 2008 <www.civilwar.com>.
Civil War Letters: A Michigan Connection. Oakland University. 7 August 2008
<http://www.oakland.edu/civilwarletters-amichiganconnection/index.htm>.
Civil War Women: Primary Sources on the Internet. Sallie Bingham Center. Duke University
Libraries. 7 August 2008
<http://library.duke.edu/specialcollections/bingham/guides/cwdocs.html>.
Fleischman, Paul. Bull Run. N.Y: Harper Trophy, 1995.
Hamilton, Virginia. Anthony Burns. New York: Laurel Leaf Press, 1993.
How Lincoln Won the 1860 Republican Nomination. Great American History. 29 February 2008
<http://www.greatamericanhistory.net/nomination.htm>.
Linford, Lloyd. “When General Grant Lost His Cool.” Cobblestone: The History Magazine for Young
People. Peterborough, NH: Cobblestone Publishers, April 1981: 30-31.
Map of the Presidential Election of 1860. 29 February 2008
<http://teachpol.tcnj.edu/amer_pol_hist/fi/000000bd.htm>.
Map Showing Distribution of Slaves. 29 February 2008 <http://memory.loc.gov/cgibin/map_item.pl?data=/home/www/data/gmd/gmd386/g3861/g3861e/ct000782.jp2&style=g
md&itemLink=D?gmd:2:./temp/~ammem_aXIt::@@@mdb=mcc,gottscho,detr,nfor,wpa,aap,
cwar,bbpix,cowellbib,calbkbib,consrvbib,bdsbib,dag,fsaall,gmd,pan,vv,presp,varstg,suffrg,n
awbib,horyd,wtc,toddbib,mgw,ncr,ngp,musdibib,hlaw,papr,lhbumbib,rbpebib,lbcoll,alad,hh,a
aodyssey,magbell,bbcards,dcm,raelbib,runyon,dukesm,lomaxbib,mtj,gottlieb,aep,qlt,coolbib,
fpnas,aasm,scsm,denn,relpet,amss,aaeo,cola,tccc,curt,mharendt,lhbcbbib,eaa,haybib,mesn
bib,fine,cwnyhs,svybib,mmorse,afcwwgbib,mymhiwebib,uncall,mfd,afcwip,mtaft,manz,llstbib
,fawbib,berl,fmuever,cdn,upboverbib,mussm,cic,afcpearl,awh,awhbib,sgp,wright,lhbtnbib,afc
esnbib,hurstonbib,mreynoldsbib,spaldingbib,sgproto,mffbib,afc911bib,mjm,mnwp,rbcmillerbi
b,molden,ww2map,hawp,omhbib,rbaapcbib,mal,ncpsbib,ncpm,lhbprbib,ftvbib,afcreed,aipn,c
wband,flwpabib,wpapos,cmns,psbib,pin,coplandbib&title=Map%20showing%20the%20distri
bution%20of%20slaves%20in%20the%20Southern%20States%20%2f%20projected%20%2
6%20compiled%20by%20A.%20von%20Steinwehr>.
McClellan, Jim R. Historical Moments: Changing Interpretations of America’s Past. Vol. 1. 2d ed.
Blacklick, OH: Dushkin/McGraw-Hill, Inc., 2000. 347, 349.
Michigan Citizenship Collaborative Curriculum
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Integrated United States History
The Civil War
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Michigan Women in the Civil War. Michigan Teacher. The Historical Society of Michigan. 29
February 2008 <http://www.hsmichigan.org/pdf/chron/spring05/MTS.pdf>.
Mitchell's New Traveller's Guide Through The United States, Showing the Rail Roads, Canals,
Stage Roads &c. With Distances From Place To Place. 7 August 2008
<http://www.philaprintshop.com/images/mitchus60.jpg>.
Mitchell's Traveller’s Guide Through The United States. A Map of the Roads, Distances, Steam
Boat & Canal Routes &c. 7 August 2008
<http://www.philaprintshop.com/images/mitchus41.jpg>.
Nystrom Atlas of United States History. Chicago: Nystrom Jerff Jones Education Division, 2004.
Official Records of the War of The Rebellion. Shotgun’s Home of the Civil War. 7 August 2008
<http://www.civilwarhome.com/records.htm>.
O’Reilly, Kevin. Book 2: Critical Thinking in United States History Series: New Republic to Civil
War. Pacific Grove, CA: Critical Thinking Press & Software, 1993. 149-154, 158-176, 183187.
Polacco, Patricia. Pink and Say. NY: Philomel, 1993.
Rand McNally Atlas of American History. Skokie, IL: Rand McNally & Co., 1999.
Reply to the Bonnie Blue Flag. Public Domain Music. 7 August 2008
<http://www.pdmusic.org/civilwar2/62rttbbf.txt>.
Sarah Edmonds: The Role of Women in the Civil War. National Park Service. 7 August 2008
<http://nps-vip.net/history/museum/women/women.htm>.
Sullivan Ballou Letter. The Civil War Home Page. 7 August 2008 <http://www.civilwar.net/pages/sullivan_ballou.asp>.
Timeline. Civil War at Smithsonian. 7 August 2008 <http://www.civilwar.si.edu/timeline.html>.
Timeline of the Civil War, 1861. Library of Congress. American Memory Project. 7 August 2008
<http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/cwphtml/tl1861.html>.
Timeline of the Civil War, 1862. Library of Congress. American Memory Project. 7 August 2008
<http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/cwphtml/tl1862.html>.
Timeline of the Civil War, 1863. Library of Congress. American Memory Project. 7 August 2008
<http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/cwphtml/tl1863.html>.
Michigan Citizenship Collaborative Curriculum
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Page 7 of 13
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Integrated United States History
The Civil War
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Timeline of the Civil War, 1864. Library of Congress. American Memory Project. 7 August 2008
<http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/cwphtml/tl1864.html>.
Timeline of the Civil War, 1865. Library of Congress. American Memory Project. 7 August 2008
<http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/cwphtml/tl1865.html>.
United States Civil War. 7 August 2008 <www.us-civilwar.com>.
Whitelaw, Nancy. “Rose Greenhow and Aunt Sally.” Cobblestone: The History Magazine for Young
People. Peterborough, NH: Cobblestone Publishers, April 1981: 18-23.
Wilson,
Captain
Barbara
A.
Women
in
the
<http://userpages.aug.com/captbarb/femvets2.html>.
Civil
War.
7
August
2008
Teacher Resource
1860 Census Data. The Civil War Home Page. 7 August 2008 <http://www.civilwar.net/pages/1860_census.html>.
The Battle of Gettysburg, 1863. EyeWitness to History. Ibis Communication. 7 August 2008
<http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/gtburg.htm>.
Battle of Vicksburg Maps and Information. National Park Service. 7 August 2008
<http://www.nps.gov/archive/vick/maps/maps.htm>.
Bruce Catton on the Emancipation Proclamation. National Parks Service. 7 August 2008
<http://www.nps.gov/anti/historyculture/catton.htm>.
Bull Run Photograph. Son of the South. 7 August 2008
<http://www.sonofthesouth.net/leefoundation/bull-run/Union-Soldier.htm>.
The Campaign for Vicksburg. National Park Service. 7 August 2008
<http://www.nps.gov/archive/vick/vcmpgn/vcmpgn.htm>.
Civil War Battle Summaries by State. Heritage Preservation Society. National Park Service.
7 August 2008 <http://www2.cr.nps.gov/abpp/battles/bystate.htm>.
Civil War Battles Casualties & Statistics, Generals, Life of a Soldier, Prisoners, & Military.
Teaheroz.com. 7 August 2008 <http://www.teacheroz.com/Civil_War_Battles.htm>.
Civil War Data. Digital History. 7 August 2008
<http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/historyonline/us20.cfm>.
Civil War Quotations. WikiQuote. 7 August 2008
<http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Transwiki:American_History_Primary_Sources_The_Civil_War
>.
Michigan Citizenship Collaborative Curriculum
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Integrated United States History
The Civil War
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Civil War Sites on the Internet. Civilwarhome.com. 7 August 2008
<http://www.civilwarhome.com/cwsites.htm>.
Contemporary Reactions to the Gettysburg Address. Cornell University Library. 7 August 2008
<http://rmc.library.cornell.edu/gettysburg/ideas_more/reactions_p3.htm>.
Drafts of the Gettysburg Address. Library of Congress. 7 August 2008
<http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/gadd/gadrft.html>.
Emancipation Proclamation. National Archives. 7 August 2008
<http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/featured_documents/emancipation_proclamation/images/
emancipation_01.jpg>.
The Emancipation Proclamation – An Act of Justice. Franklin, John Hope. National Archives. 7
August 2008 <http://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/1993/summer/emancipationproclamation.html>.
Excerpt from Mary Henry Diary. Smithsonian Institute. 7 August 2008
<http://siarchives.si.edu/history/exhibits/documents/mary.htm>.
Interview with Soldier Williams. American Memory Project. Library of Congress. 7 August 2008
<http://memory.loc.gov/cgibin/ampage?collId=mesn&fileName=027/mesn027.db&recNum=195&itemLink=D?mesnbib:
1:./temp/~ammem_lkZs::@@@mdb=mcc,gottscho,detr,nfor,wpa,aap,cwar,bbpix,cowellbib,c
albkbib,consrvbib,bdsbib,dag,fsaall,gmd,pan,vv,presp,varstg,suffrg,nawbib,horyd,wtc,toddbi
b,mgw,ncr,ngp,musdibib,hlaw,papr,lhbumbib,rbpebib,lbcoll,alad,hh,aaodyssey,magbell,bbc
ards,dcm,raelbib,runyon,dukesm,lomaxbib,mtj,gottlieb,aep,qlt,coolbib,fpnas,aasm,scsm,den
n,relpet,amss,aaeo,cola,tccc,curt,mharendt,lhbcbbib,eaa,haybib,mesnbib,fine,cwnyhs,svybi
b,mmorse,afcwwgbib,mymhiwebib,uncall,mfd,afcwip,mtaft,manz,llstbib,fawbib,berl,fmuever,
cdn,upboverbib,mussm,cic,afcpearl,awh,awhbib,sgp,wright,lhbtnbib,afcesnbib,hurstonbib,mr
eynoldsbib,spaldingbib,sgproto,mffbib,afc911bib,mjm,mnwp,rbcmillerbib,molden,ww2map,h
awp,omhbib,rbaapcbib,mal,ncpsbib,ncpm,lhbprbib,ftvbib,afcreed,aipn,cwband,flwpabib,wpa
pos,cmns,psbib,pin,coplandbib>.
Letter of J.W. Reid. National Park Service. 7 August 2008
<http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/12manassas/12facts2.htm>.
The Historical New York Times Website. 7 August 2008 <http://www.nyt.ulib.org/>.
O’Reilly, Kevin. Book 2: Critical Thinking in the United States History Series: New
Republic to Civil War. Pacific Grove, CA: Critical Thinking Press & Software,
1993. 118-120.
Michigan Citizenship Collaborative Curriculum
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Integrated United States History
The Civil War
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“Emancipation Proclamation: The Southern Reaction.” Slavery and Emancipation. 7 August 2008
<http://civilwar.bluegrass.net/SlaveryAndEmancipation/emancipationproclamation2.html>.
Strategic Situation Map. Vicksburg. National Park Service. 7 August 2008
<http://www.nps.gov/archive/vick/maps/stratsit.htm>.
Resources for Further Professional Knowledge
Foote, Shelby. The Civil War: A Narrative. (3 Vol. Set). London: Vintage Books, 1986.
McPherson, James. Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era. New York: Oxford University Press,
Inc., 2003.
Paludan, Philip. A People’s Contest: The Union and Civil War 1861-1865. Kansas: University
Press of Kansas, 1996.
Thomas, Emory. The Confederate Nation. New York: Harper Perennial, 1981.
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Integrated United States History
The Civil War
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Instructional Organization
Lesson 1 – Comparing the North and South at the Brink of War
Content Expectations:
8 – U5.2.2: Make an argument to explain the reasons why the North won the Civil War by
considering the
• critical events and battles in the war
• the political and military leadership of the North and South
• the respective advantages and disadvantages, including geographic, demographic,
economic and technological
Key Concepts: civil war, Confederate States of America, demographic/economic/geographic/
technological advantages, military and political leadership, perspectives, Union
Lesson 2 – Lincoln and the Preservation of Union
Content Expectations:
8 – U5.2.3: Examine Abraham Lincoln’s presidency with respect to
• his military and political leadership
• the evolution of his emancipation policy (including the Emancipation Proclamation)
• and the role of his significant writings and speeches, including the Gettysburg
Address and its relationship to the Declaration of Independence.
Key Concepts: civil war, military and political leadership, Union
Lesson 3 - Political and Military Leadership during the War
Content Expectations:
8 – U5.2.2: Make an argument to explain the reasons why the North won the Civil War by
considering the
• critical events and battles in the war
• the political and military leadership of the North and South
• the respective advantages and disadvantages, including geographic, demographic,
economic and technological
8 – U5.2.3:
Examine Abraham Lincoln’s presidency with respect to
• his military and political leadership
• the evolution of his emancipation policy (including the Emancipation Proclamation)
• and the role of his significant writings and speeches, including the Gettysburg
Address and its relationship to the Declaration of Independence.
Key Concepts: civil war, Confederate States of America, military and political leadership, Union
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Integrated United States History
The Civil War
SS0806
Lesson 4 - The Course and Character of the War
Content Expectations:
8 – U5.2.5: Construct generalizations about how the war affected combatants, civilians (including
the role of women), the physical environment, and the future of warfare, including
technological developments.
Key Concepts: demographic/economic/geographic/technological advantages, military and
political leadership, perspective/point of view, total war
Lesson 5: Developing an Emancipation Policy
Content Expectations:
8 – U5.2.3: Examine Abraham Lincoln’s presidency with respect to
• his military and political leadership
• the evolution of his emancipation policy (including the Emancipation Proclamation)
• and the role of his significant writings and speeches, including the Gettysburg
Address and its relationship to the Declaration of Independence.
Key Concepts: civil war, emancipation, military and political leadership, Union
Lesson 6 – Combatants, African Americans, and Women in the War
Content Expectations:
8 – U5.2.4: Describe the role of African Americans in the war, including black soldiers and
regiments, and the increased resistance of enslaved peoples.
8 – U5.2.5:
Construct generalizations about how the war affected combatants, civilians (including
the role of women), the physical environment, and the future of warfare, including
technological developments.
Key Concepts: emancipation, perspective/point of view, total war
Lesson 7 - Comparing the Gettysburg Address and the Declaration of Independence
Content Expectations:
8 – U5.2.3: Examine Abraham Lincoln’s presidency with respect to
• his military and political leadership
• the evolution of his emancipation policy (including the Emancipation Proclamation)
• and the role of his significant writings and speeches, including the Gettysburg
Address and its relationship to the Declaration of Independence.
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Integrated United States History
The Civil War
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Key Concepts: military and political leadership, perspective/point of view, Union
Lesson 8 - Turning Points and Surrender
Content Expectations:
8 – U5.2.2: Make an argument to explain the reasons why the North won the Civil War by
considering the
• critical events and battles in the war
• the political and military leadership of the North and South
• the respective advantages and disadvantages, including geographic, demographic,
economic and technological.
Key Concepts: civil war, total war, turning points
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