Download 3 Homework 2B

1. The ancient Greeks believed that all matter was composed of four fundamental substances: earth, air,
fire and water. How does this early conception of matter compare with our modern theory of matter?
2. List the most common elements found in each of the following:
(a) the universe
(b) the Earth’s crust
(c) the Earth’s atmosphere
(d) the human body
3. Which Greek philosopher first proposed that matter was composed of indivisible particles?
4. What are the major points of John Dalton’s Atomic Theory?
5. Why was Dalton’s Atomic Theory accepted?
6. Write the formula for each of the following substances:
(a) A molecule containing two boron atoms and six hydrogen atoms.
(b) A compound containing one calcium atom for every two chlorine atoms.
(c) A molecule containing three hydrogen atoms, one phophorus atom and four oxygen atoms.
7. Explain what the result was of the Rutherford experiment that showed all atoms contain a small,
dense, positive core.
8. Give the approximate diameter of each of the following:
(a) an atom
(b) the nucleus of an atom
9. For each of the three subatomic particles, give the following information:
(a) The discoverer of each subatomic particle.
(b) The charge of each subatomic particle.
(c) The location in the atom of each subatomic particle.
(d) The relative masses of each subatomic particle.
10. Define the following terms:
(a) atomic number
(b) mass number
(c) isotopes
11. Give the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in each of the following atoms:
(a)
33
S
(b)
(continued on next page)
60
Ni
(c)
132
Cs
12. Complete the following table:
Symbol
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
(a)
207
Pb
___
___
___
(b)
____
35
44
___
(c)
____
___
46
35
(d)
____
20
20
___
13. Which atoms in question 12 are isotopes?
14.
How are the elements arranged on the Periodic Table?
15. List the characteristic physical properties that distinguish the metallic elements from the nonmetallic
elements.
16. Give the name of the family to which each of the following elements belongs, and identify the
element as a metal or a nonmetal:
17.
(a) iodine
(b) lithium
(c) argon
(d) calcium
(e) iron
(f) uranium
Name the only pure elements that exist as diatomic molecules at room temperature and pressure.
18. Name the only pure elements that exist as liquids at room temperature and pressure.
19. Name the different allotropes of the following elements:
(a) carbon
(b) oxygen
20. Define each of the following:
(a) ion
(b) cation
(c) anion
21. Give the charge of each of the following ions.
(a) magnesium ion
(b) chloride ion
(c) phosphide ion
(d) potassium ion
(e) sulfide ion
(f) aluminum ion
22. Give the characteristic chemical property that distinguish the metallic elements from the nonmetallic
elements.