Download Chapter 24 Section 3 Notes

Ch.
24
Sect.
3
The
War
In
The
Paci4ic
Objectives:
1.  Summarize
the
Japanese
advance
in
the
Paci:ic
in
1941
and
1942
and
describe
Allied
victories
that
turned
the
tide
of
the
war.
2.  Describe
Allied
struggle
for
the
Paci:ic
Islands,
including
Iwo
Jima
and
Okinawa.
3.  Describe
the
Manhattan
Project
and
its
effect
in
bringing
an
end
to
the
war.
Main
Idea:
Fierce
:ighting
and
heavy
casualties
characterized
the
war
in
the
Paci:ic
Ocean
as
the
Allied
forces
struggled
to
turn
back
Japanese
advances.
Island
Hopping
•  The
leader
of
the
U.S.
forces
in
the
Paci:ic
was
Douglas
MacArthur.
•  MacArthur
was
forced
to
leave
the
Philippines
at
the
start
of
WW
II
and
promised
to
return.
•  After
victories
at
Midway
and
Guadalcanal
the
U.S.
military
strategy
was
called
island
hopping.
•  We
would
go
from
island
to
island
(Philippines,
Iwo
Jima,
Okinawa)
defeating
the
Japanese
and
chase
them
back
home
to
Japan.
U.S.
Marines
Raise
The
Flag
On
Iwo
Jima
Manhattan
Project
  After
entering
World
War
II,
the
project
was
reorganized
and
put
on
the
fast
track
toward
completion.
  The
Manhattan
Project
(1942
‐
1945)
was
a
top
secret,
engineering
project,
costing
$2
Billion,
and
was
led
by
J.
Robert
Oppenheimer.
  The
project
employed
120,000
people
and
built
37
installations
for
different
phases
and
parts
of
the
project.
In
1942,
physicists
at
the
University
of
Chicago
successfully
caused
a
chain
reaction
by
splitting
atoms.
  The
:irst
atomic
bomb
was
tested
July
16,
1945,
in
the
desert
of
New
Mexico
(shattered
windows
125
miles
away).
Trinity
Test
(1st
Nuclear
Explosion)
July
16,
1945
Atomic Bomb Decision
  The
next
step
was
to
decide
whether
or
not
to
use
the
bomb.
  Military
choices
were:
invade
mainland
Japan
(might
kill
500,000
‐
1
million
U.S.
soldiers),
naval
blockade
of
Japan
with
continued
bombing,
show
Japan
a
test
of
the
atomic
bomb
on
a
deserted
island,
reduce
“unconditional
surrender”
and
let
the
Emperor
remain
in
power,
and
use
the
atomic
bomb.
  The
Interim
Committee
recommended
using
the
atomic
bomb.
  President
Truman
saw
the
atomic
bomb
as
a
military
weapon
that
should
be
used
and
Prime
Minister
Churchill
agreed.
Winston
Churchill
&
Harry
Truman
Using
The
Atomic
Bomb
•  The
:irst
atomic
bomb
(uranium)
called
“Little
Boy”
was
dropped
on
Hiroshima
killing
75,000
immediately,
injured
70,000
more,
and
damaged
90%
of
the
city.
•  The
second
bomb
(plutonium)
called
“Fat
Man”
was
dropped
on
Nagasaki
three
days
later.
It
killed
40,000
immediately
and
injured
another
40,000.
•  The
original
blast
was
unbelievable,
but
:ires
created
by
the
blast
and
radiation
poisoning
will
kill
as
many
people
as
the
explosion
itself.
•  Japan
surrenders
August
14,
1945
with
the
of:icial
surrender
signed
in
Tokyo
Bay
on
the
USS
Missouri
September
2,
1945.
Left
­
Hiroshima
August
6,
1945
Right
–
Nagasaki
August
9,
1945
Hiroshima
–
90%
Of
Buildings
Damaged