Download Biomolecules - Keele University

O
O
Hi I’m
Molly Cool
Alanine
One of 20 amino acids that make up protein
What you will need:
www.keele.ac.uk/makeitmolecular
Molly Cool and makeitmolecular designed by
Graeme Jones, Keele University, UK. [email protected]
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Carbon (black)
Oxygen (red)
Nitrogen (light blue)
Hydrogen (white)
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single bonds (straight)
double bonds (bendy)
O
O
Hi I’m
Molly Cool
Arginine
One of 20 amino acids that make up protein
What you will need:
www.keele.ac.uk/makeitmolecular
Molly Cool and makeitmolecular designed by
Graeme Jones, Keele University, UK. [email protected]
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2
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C
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Carbon (black)
Oxygen (red)
Nitrogen (light blue)
Nitrogen (dark blue)
Hydrogen (white)
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⁄
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single bonds (straight)
double bonds (bendy)
O
O
Hi I’m
Molly Cool
Asparagine
One of 20 amino acids that make up protein
What you will need:
www.keele.ac.uk/makeitmolecular
Molly Cool and makeitmolecular designed by
Graeme Jones, Keele University, UK. [email protected]
4
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C
O
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N
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Carbon (black)
Oxygen (red)
Nitrogen (light blue)
Nitrogen (dark blue)
Hydrogen (white)
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⁄
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single bonds (straight)
double bonds (bendy)
O
O
Hi I’m
Molly Cool
Aspartic Acid
One of 20 amino acids that make up protein
What you will need:
www.keele.ac.uk/makeitmolecular
Molly Cool and makeitmolecular designed by
Graeme Jones, Keele University, UK. [email protected]
4
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C
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N
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Carbon (black)
Oxygen (red)
Nitrogen (light blue)
Hydrogen (white)
6
4
⁄
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single bonds (straight)
double bonds (bendy)
O
O
Hi I’m
Molly Cool
Cysteine
One of 20 amino acids that make up protein
What you will need:
www.keele.ac.uk/makeitmolecular
Molly Cool and makeitmolecular designed by
Graeme Jones, Keele University, UK. [email protected]
3
2
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C
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Carbon (black)
Oxygen (red)
Nitrogen (light blue)
Sulphur (yellow, 2 holes)
Hydrogen (white)
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2
⁄
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single bonds (straight)
double bonds (bendy)
O
O
Hi I’m
Molly Cool
Glutamic Acid
One of 20 amino acids that make up protein
What you will need:
www.keele.ac.uk/makeitmolecular
Molly Cool and makeitmolecular designed by
Graeme Jones, Keele University, UK. [email protected]
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C
O
N
H
Carbon (black)
Oxygen (red)
Nitrogen (light blue)
Hydrogen (white)
7
4
⁄
∫
single bonds (straight)
double bonds (bendy)
O
O
Hi I’m
Molly Cool
Glutamine
One of 20 amino acids that make up protein
What you will need:
www.keele.ac.uk/makeitmolecular
Molly Cool and makeitmolecular designed by
Graeme Jones, Keele University, UK. [email protected]
5
3
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C
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Carbon (black)
Oxygen (red)
Nitrogen (light blue)
Nitrogen (dark blue)
Hydrogen (white)
7
4
⁄
∫
single bonds (straight)
double bonds (bendy)
O
O
Hi I’m
Molly Cool
Glycine
The smallest of the 20 amino acids that make up protein
What you will need:
www.keele.ac.uk/makeitmolecular
Molly Cool and makeitmolecular designed by
Graeme Jones, Keele University, UK. [email protected]
2
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C
O
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Carbon (black)
Oxygen (red)
Nitrogen (light blue)
Hydrogen (white)
3
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⁄
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single bonds (straight)
double bonds (bendy)
O
O
Hi I’m
Molly Cool
Histidine
One of 20 amino acids that make up protein
What you will need:
www.keele.ac.uk/makeitmolecular
Molly Cool and makeitmolecular designed by
Graeme Jones, Keele University, UK. [email protected]
6
2
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1
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C
O
N
N
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Carbon (black)
Oxygen (red)
Nitrogen (light blue)
Nitrogen (dark blue)
Hydrogen (white)
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6
⁄
∫
single bonds (straight)
double bonds (bendy)
O
O
Hi I’m
Molly Cool
Isoleucine
One of 20 amino acids that make up protein
What you will need:
www.keele.ac.uk/makeitmolecular
Molly Cool and makeitmolecular designed by
Graeme Jones, Keele University, UK. [email protected]
6
2
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C
O
N
H
Carbon (black)
Oxygen (red)
Nitrogen (light blue)
Hydrogen (white)
7
2
⁄
∫
single bonds (straight)
double bonds (bendy)
O
O
Hi I’m
Molly Cool
Leucine
One of 20 amino acids that make up protein
What you will need:
www.keele.ac.uk/makeitmolecular
Molly Cool and makeitmolecular designed by
Graeme Jones, Keele University, UK. [email protected]
6
2
1
13
C
O
N
H
Carbon (black)
Oxygen (red)
Nitrogen (light blue)
Hydrogen (white)
7
2
⁄
∫
single bonds (straight)
double bonds (bendy)
O
O
Hi I’m
Molly Cool
Lycine
One of 20 amino acids that make up protein
What you will need:
www.keele.ac.uk/makeitmolecular
Molly Cool and makeitmolecular designed by
Graeme Jones, Keele University, UK. [email protected]
6
2
2
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C
O
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Carbon (black)
Oxygen (red)
Nitrogen (light blue)
Hydrogen (white)
8
2
⁄
∫
single bonds (straight)
double bonds (bendy)
O
O
Hi I’m
Molly Cool
Methionine
One of 20 amino acids that make up protein
What you will need:
www.keele.ac.uk/makeitmolecular
Molly Cool and makeitmolecular designed by
Graeme Jones, Keele University, UK. [email protected]
6
2
1
1
13
C
O
N
S
H
Carbon (black)
Oxygen (red)
Nitrogen (light blue)
Sulphur (yellow, 2 holes)
Hydrogen (white)
7
2
⁄
∫
single bonds (straight)
double bonds (bendy)
O
O
Hi I’m
Molly Cool
Phenylalanine
One of 20 amino acids that make up protein
What you will need:
www.keele.ac.uk/makeitmolecular
Molly Cool and makeitmolecular designed by
Graeme Jones, Keele University, UK. [email protected]
9
2
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C
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Carbon (black)
Oxygen (red)
Nitrogen (light blue)
Hydrogen (white)
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⁄
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single bonds (straight)
double bonds (bendy)
O
O
Hi I’m
Molly Cool
Proline
One of 20 amino acids that make up protein
What you will need:
www.keele.ac.uk/makeitmolecular
Molly Cool and makeitmolecular designed by
Graeme Jones, Keele University, UK. [email protected]
5
2
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9
C
O
N
H
Carbon (black)
Oxygen (red)
Nitrogen (light blue)
Hydrogen (white)
7
2
⁄
∫
single bonds (straight)
double bonds (bendy)
O
O
Hi I’m
Molly Cool
Serine
One of 20 amino acids that make up protein
What you will need:
www.keele.ac.uk/makeitmolecular
Molly Cool and makeitmolecular designed by
Graeme Jones, Keele University, UK. [email protected]
3
3
1
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C
O
N
H
Carbon (black)
Oxygen (red)
Nitrogen (light blue)
Hydrogen (white)
5
2
⁄
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single bonds (straight)
double bonds (bendy)
O
O
Hi I’m
Molly Cool
Threonine
One of 20 amino acids that make up protein
What you will need:
www.keele.ac.uk/makeitmolecular
Molly Cool and makeitmolecular designed by
Graeme Jones, Keele University, UK. [email protected]
4
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C
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Carbon (black)
Oxygen (red)
Nitrogen (light blue)
Hydrogen (white)
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single bonds (straight)
double bonds (bendy)
O
O
Hi I’m
Molly Cool
Tryptophan
One of 20 amino acids that make up protein
What you will need:
www.keele.ac.uk/makeitmolecular
Molly Cool and makeitmolecular designed by
Graeme Jones, Keele University, UK. [email protected]
11
2
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Carbon (black)
Oxygen (red)
Nitrogen (light blue)
Nitrogen (dark blue)
Hydrogen (white)
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⁄
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single bonds (straight)
double bonds (bendy)
O
O
Hi I’m
Molly Cool
Tyrosine
One of 20 amino acids that make up protein
What you will need:
www.keele.ac.uk/makeitmolecular
Molly Cool and makeitmolecular designed by
Graeme Jones, Keele University, UK. [email protected]
9
3
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11
C
O
N
H
Carbon (black)
Oxygen (red)
Nitrogen (light blue)
Hydrogen (white)
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⁄
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single bonds (straight)
double bonds (bendy)
O
O
Hi I’m
Molly Cool
Valine
One of 20 amino acids that make up protein
What you will need:
www.keele.ac.uk/makeitmolecular
Molly Cool and makeitmolecular designed by
Graeme Jones, Keele University, UK. [email protected]
5
2
1
11
C
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N
H
Carbon (black)
Oxygen (red)
Nitrogen (light blue)
Hydrogen (white)
6
2
⁄
∫
single bonds (straight)
double bonds (bendy)
O
O
Hi I’m
Molly Cool
Glucose
A type of sugar. Glucose tastes sweet and is the
basic building block of carbohydrate
What you will need:
www.keele.ac.uk/makeitmolecular
Molly Cool and makeitmolecular designed by
Graeme Jones, Keele University, UK. [email protected]
6
6
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C
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Carbon (black)
Oxygen (red)
Hydrogen (white)
12
⁄
single bonds (straight)
O
O
Hi I’m
Molly Cool
Galactose
A type of sugar that is less sweet than glucose,
one of the building blocks of carbohydrate
What you will need:
www.keele.ac.uk/makeitmolecular
Molly Cool and makeitmolecular designed by
Graeme Jones, Keele University, UK. [email protected]
6
6
12
C
O
H
Carbon (black)
Oxygen (red)
Hydrogen (white)
12
⁄
single bonds (straight)
O
O
Hi I’m
Molly Cool
Fructose
A type of sugar found in high levels in fruit,
one of the building blocks of carbohydrate
What you will need:
www.keele.ac.uk/makeitmolecular
Molly Cool and makeitmolecular designed by
Graeme Jones, Keele University, UK. [email protected]
6
6
12
C
O
H
Carbon (black)
Oxygen (red)
Hydrogen (white)
12
⁄
single bonds (straight)
O
O
Hi I’m
Molly Cool
Glycerol
Forms the backbone of fat
Binds to three fatty acids to form a triglyceride
What you will need:
www.keele.ac.uk/makeitmolecular
Molly Cool and makeitmolecular designed by
Graeme Jones, Keele University, UK. [email protected]
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3
8
C
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Carbon (black)
Oxygen (red)
Hydrogen (white)
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single bonds (straight)
O
α-Linolenic Acid
Hi I’m
Molly Cool
O
An omega-3 fatty acid found in vegetable oils,
especially rapeseed oil
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
What you will need:
www.keele.ac.uk/makeitmolecular
Molly Cool and makeitmolecular designed by
Graeme Jones, Keele University, UK. [email protected]
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C
O
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Carbon (black)
Oxygen (red)
Hydrogen (white)
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8
⁄
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single bonds (straight)
double bonds (bendy)
O
O
Hi I’m
Molly Cool
Linoleic Acid
An omega-6 fatty acid found in vegetable oils,
especially sunflower oil
What you will need:
www.keele.ac.uk/makeitmolecular
Molly Cool and makeitmolecular designed by
Graeme Jones, Keele University, UK. [email protected]
18
2
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C
O
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Carbon (black)
Oxygen (red)
Hydrogen (white)
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6
⁄
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single bonds (straight)
double bonds (bendy)
O
O
Hi I’m
Molly Cool
EPA
Eicosapentaenoic acid
An omega-3 fatty acid found in fish oils
What you will need:
www.keele.ac.uk/makeitmolecular
Molly Cool and makeitmolecular designed by
Graeme Jones, Keele University, UK. [email protected]
20
2
30
C
O
H
Carbon (black)
Oxygen (red)
Hydrogen (white)
15
12
⁄
∫
single bonds (straight)
double bonds (bendy)
O
O
Hi I’m
Molly Cool
Vitamin A
A vitamin important for eyesight, found in carrots
What you will need:
www.keele.ac.uk/makeitmolecular
Molly Cool and makeitmolecular designed by
Graeme Jones, Keele University, UK. [email protected]
20
1
30
C
O
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Carbon (black)
Oxygen (red)
Hydrogen (white)
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single bonds (straight)
double bonds (bendy)
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O
Vitamin B2
Hi I’m
Molly Cool
Also called riboflavin - needed for metabolism.
It is found in milk and cheese
3
3
2
2
What you will need:
www.keele.ac.uk/makeitmolecular
Molly Cool and makeitmolecular designed by
Graeme Jones, Keele University, UK. [email protected]
17
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Carbon (black)
Oxygen (red)
Nitrogen (light blue)
Nitrogen (dark blue)
Hydrogen (white)
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single bonds (straight)
double bonds (bendy)
O
O
Hi I’m
Molly Cool
Vitamin B3
Also called niacin - needed for metabolism.
It is found in chicken, fish and peanuts
What you will need:
www.keele.ac.uk/makeitmolecular
Molly Cool and makeitmolecular designed by
Graeme Jones, Keele University, UK. [email protected]
6
2
1
5
C
O
N
H
Carbon (black)
Oxygen (red)
Nitrogen (light blue)
Hydrogen (white)
5
8
⁄
∫
single bonds (straight)
double bonds (bendy)
O
O
Hi I’m
Molly Cool
Vitamin B5
Also called pantothenic acid - needed for metabolism.
It is found in whole grain cereals, eggs and meat
What you will need:
www.keele.ac.uk/makeitmolecular
Molly Cool and makeitmolecular designed by
Graeme Jones, Keele University, UK. [email protected]
9
5
1
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C
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Carbon (black)
Oxygen (red)
Nitrogen (dark blue)
Hydrogen (white)
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⁄
∫
single bonds (straight)
double bonds (bendy)
O
O
Hi I’m
Molly Cool
Vitamin B12
Also called folic acid - needed to make red blood cells
It is found in leafy vegetables such as spinach
2
2
2
What you will need:
2
www.keele.ac.uk/makeitmolecular
Molly Cool and makeitmolecular designed by
Graeme Jones, Keele University, UK. [email protected]
19
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3
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C
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Carbon (black)
Oxygen (red)
Nitrogen (light blue)
Nitrogen (dark blue)
Hydrogen (white)
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⁄
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single bonds (straight)
double bonds (bendy)
O
O
Hi I’m
Molly Cool
Vitamin C
Found in fresh fruit and vegetables, a deficiency of
this vitamin causes scurvy in humans
What you will need:
www.keele.ac.uk/makeitmolecular
Molly Cool and makeitmolecular designed by
Graeme Jones, Keele University, UK. [email protected]
6
6
8
C
O
H
Carbon (black)
Oxygen (red)
Hydrogen (white)
10
4
⁄
∫
single bonds (straight)
double bonds (bendy)
O
O
Hi I’m
Molly Cool
Vitamin D
Needed for strong bones, this vitamin is produced in
skin exposed to sunlight
What you will need:
www.keele.ac.uk/makeitmolecular
Molly Cool and makeitmolecular designed by
Graeme Jones, Keele University, UK. [email protected]
27
1
44
C
O
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Carbon (black)
Oxygen (red)
Hydrogen (white)
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6
⁄
∫
single bonds (straight)
double bonds (bendy)
O
O
Hi I’m
Molly Cool
Adrenaline
Chemical messenger released in excitement or danger
– results in an “adrenaline rush”
What you will need:
www.keele.ac.uk/makeitmolecular
Molly Cool and makeitmolecular designed by
Graeme Jones, Keele University, UK. [email protected]
9
3
1
13
C
O
N
H
Carbon (black)
Oxygen (red)
Nitrogen (light blue)
Hydrogen (white)
10
6
⁄
∫
single bonds (straight)
double bonds (bendy)
O
O
Hi I’m
Molly Cool
GABA
γ-Aminobutyric acid
A chemical messenger in the brain
What you will need:
www.keele.ac.uk/makeitmolecular
Molly Cool and makeitmolecular designed by
Graeme Jones, Keele University, UK. [email protected]
4
2
1
9
C
O
N
H
Carbon (black)
Oxygen (red)
Nitrogen (light blue)
Hydrogen (white)
5
2
⁄
∫
single bonds (straight)
double bonds (bendy)
O
O
Hi I’m
Molly Cool
Dopamine
A chemical messenger which gives feelings of
enjoyment when released in the body
What you will need:
www.keele.ac.uk/makeitmolecular
Molly Cool and makeitmolecular designed by
Graeme Jones, Keele University, UK. [email protected]
8
2
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Carbon (black)
Oxygen (red)
Nitrogen (light blue)
Hydrogen (white)
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6
⁄
∫
single bonds (straight)
double bonds (bendy)
O
O
Hi I’m
Molly Cool
Serotonin
A chemical messenger which contributes to the
feeling of happiness
What you will need:
www.keele.ac.uk/makeitmolecular
Molly Cool and makeitmolecular designed by
Graeme Jones, Keele University, UK. [email protected]
10
1
1
1
12
C
O
N
N
H
Carbon (black)
Oxygen (red)
Nitrogen (dark blue)
Nitrogen (light blue)
Hydrogen (white)
10
8
⁄
∫
single bonds (straight)
double bonds (bendy)
O
O
Hi I’m
Molly Cool
Histamine
A chemical messenger which triggers an immune
response – causing swelling and itching
What you will need:
www.keele.ac.uk/makeitmolecular
Molly Cool and makeitmolecular designed by
Graeme Jones, Keele University, UK. [email protected]
5
1
2
9
C
N
N
H
Carbon (black)
Nitrogen (dark blue)
Nitrogen (light blue)
Hydrogen (white)
6
4
⁄
∫
single bonds (straight)
double bonds (bendy)
O
O
Hi I’m
Molly Cool
Melatonin
A hormone which helps control sleeping and feeding
patterns in the body
What you will need:
www.keele.ac.uk/makeitmolecular
Molly Cool and makeitmolecular designed by
Graeme Jones, Keele University, UK. [email protected]
9
3
1
13
C
O
N
H
Carbon (black)
Oxygen (red)
Nitrogen (dark blue)
Hydrogen (white)
10
6
⁄
∫
single bonds (straight)
double bonds (bendy)
O
ATP
Hi I’m
Molly Cool
O
2
Adenosine triphosphate
Transports chemical energy in the body
2
What you will need:
www.keele.ac.uk/makeitmolecular
Molly Cool and makeitmolecular designed by
Graeme Jones, Keele University, UK. [email protected]
10
13
2
3
3
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P
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Carbon (black)
Oxygen (red)
Nitrogen (dark blue)
Nitrogen (light blue)
Phosphorus (purple)
Hydrogen (white)
26
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⁄
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single bonds (straight)
double bonds (bendy)
O
O
Hi I’m
Molly Cool
Adenine
A DNA and RNA base
What you will need:
www.keele.ac.uk/makeitmolecular
Molly Cool and makeitmolecular designed by
Graeme Jones, Keele University, UK. [email protected]
5
3
2
5
C
N
N
H
Carbon (black)
Nitrogen (light blue)
Nitrogen (dark blue)
Hydrogen (white)
7
8
⁄
∫
single bonds (straight)
double bonds (bendy)
O
O
Hi I’m
Molly Cool
Cytosine
A DNA and RNA base
What you will need:
www.keele.ac.uk/makeitmolecular
Molly Cool and makeitmolecular designed by
Graeme Jones, Keele University, UK. [email protected]
4
1
1
2
5
C
O
N
N
H
Carbon (black)
Oxygen (red)
Nitrogen (light blue)
Nitrogen (dark blue)
Hydrogen (white)
5
6
⁄
∫
single bonds (straight)
double bonds (bendy)
O
O
Hi I’m
Molly Cool
Guanine
A DNA and RNA base
What you will need:
www.keele.ac.uk/makeitmolecular
Molly Cool and makeitmolecular designed by
Graeme Jones, Keele University, UK. [email protected]
5
1
2
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5
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O
N
N
H
Carbon (black)
Oxygen (red)
Nitrogen (light blue)
Nitrogen (dark blue)
Hydrogen (white)
8
8
⁄
∫
single bonds (straight)
double bonds (bendy)
O
O
Hi I’m
Molly Cool
Thymine
A DNA base
What you will need:
www.keele.ac.uk/makeitmolecular
Molly Cool and makeitmolecular designed by
Graeme Jones, Keele University, UK. [email protected]
5
2
2
6
C
O
N
H
Carbon (black)
Oxygen (red)
Nitrogen (dark blue)
Hydrogen (white)
6
6
⁄
∫
single bonds (straight)
double bonds (bendy)
O
O
Hi I’m
Molly Cool
Uracil
A RNA base
What you will need:
www.keele.ac.uk/makeitmolecular
Molly Cool and makeitmolecular designed by
Graeme Jones, Keele University, UK. [email protected]
4
2
2
4
C
O
N
H
Carbon (black)
Oxygen (red)
Nitrogen (dark blue)
Hydrogen (white)
5
6
⁄
∫
single bonds (straight)
double bonds (bendy)
O
O
Hi I’m
Molly Cool
Ribose & Phosphate
The backbone of RNA
What you will need:
www.keele.ac.uk/makeitmolecular
Molly Cool and makeitmolecular designed by
Graeme Jones, Keele University, UK. [email protected]
5
8
1
11
C
O
P
H
Carbon (black)
Oxygen (red)
Phosphorus (purple)
Hydrogen (white)
13
2
⁄
∫
single bonds (straight)
double bonds (bendy)
O
O
Hi I’m
Molly Cool
Deoxyribose &
Phosphate
The backbone of DNA
What you will need:
www.keele.ac.uk/makeitmolecular
Molly Cool and makeitmolecular designed by
Graeme Jones, Keele University, UK. [email protected]
5
7
1
11
C
O
P
H
Carbon (black)
Oxygen (red)
Phosphorus (purple)
Hydrogen (white)
12
2
⁄
∫
single bonds (straight)
double bonds (bendy)
O
O
Hi I’m
Molly Cool
Haem
Binds an iron atom at its centre and
transports oxygen around the body
What you will need:
www.keele.ac.uk/makeitmolecular
Molly Cool and makeitmolecular designed by
Graeme Jones, Keele University, UK. [email protected]
34
4
2
2
34
C
O
N
N
H
Carbon (black)
Oxygen (red)
Nitrogen (light blue)
Nitrogen (dark blue)
Hydrogen (white)
31
30
⁄
∫
single bonds (straight)
double bonds (bendy)
O
O
Cholesterol
Hi I’m
Molly Cool
A waxy molecule (steroid) needed in cell membranes
Abnormally high blood levels can lead to heart disease
3
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
3
2
3
2
2
www.keele.ac.uk/makeitmolecular
Molly Cool and makeitmolecular designed by
Graeme Jones, Keele University, UK. [email protected]
What you will need:
27
1
40
C
O
H
Carbon (black)
Oxygen (red)
Hydrogen (white)
30
2
⁄
∫
single bonds (straight)
double bonds (bendy)