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Story #5
Purple hair I don’t care
By: Dianne young
Story #5
Slugs in Love
by: Susan Pearson
• Have your students fold the
paper in half
• Keeping their fist on the fold,
trace one hand on it. Your
students should keep their
hands closed, except for the
middle and index fingers held
in a V shape. Have your
students cut out the hand
shapes with the paper still
folded to create two slug
shapes.
Mentor Rotation
Get to know and observe (unit 3 assignment #1) the kids that
you will be planning a lesson for and teaching. This way you
can plan an effective lesson that is just for them.
Group #1 Whales (4 year olds)
Group #2 Dolphins (3 year olds)
Group #3 Starfish
(2 year olds)
Did you want to sign up for a computer baby?
After the Story or Music time,
take a tag and report to your age group.
No phones or picture taking.
99
balloons
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=th6Njr-qkq0
BIRTH DEFECTS
Every 1 in 14 babies will
be born with a birth
defect of varying degrees.
My first kiss
Some of those
birth defects are
environmentally
influenced and
others are based
on genetics.
Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate
Sex –Linked Defects
color blindness
Club Foot
Cerebral palsy
The term cerebral palsy refers to a
number of neurological
disorders that appear in infancy or
early childhood and permanently
affect body movement and muscle
coordination but don’t worsen over
time. Even though cerebral palsy
affects muscle movement, it isn’t
caused by problems in the muscles
or nerves. It is caused by
abnormalities in parts of the brain
that control muscle movements.
Down’s Syndrome
Muscular Dystrophy
•
•
Muscular dystrophy (MD) is a genetic disorder that weakens the muscles that help the body
move. People with MD have incorrect or missing information in their genes, which prevents
them from making the proteins they need for healthy muscles.
MD weakens muscles over time, so children, teens, and adults who have the disease can
gradually lose the ability to do the things most people take for granted, like walking or sitting
up. Someone with MD might start having muscle problems as a baby or their symptoms
might start later. Some people even develop MD as adults.
Neural Tube Defect
• Spina Bifida
21 week old fetus undergoing surgery for Spina
Bifida
Birth Defects Chart
Assignment #3 (pg 6)
Disease/
Type of
Birth Defects Defect
(Method of
Inheritance)
Effects on the
person
Heredity
Environment
Or Both?
In class : use the class textbook,
pamphlets, or your phone.
At home: use the class website and
web searches.
Treatment or
prevention
Child activity – Tissue
painting Dye
1. Jenga Birth Defects (pg 4-5)
2. Finish Beanie Baby’s Portrait
3. Begin the Birth Defects Chart (pg 6)
•
•
•
Class Textbook
Pamphlets
Website searches on phone
4. (optional) Child Activity (door prize)
5. OPTIONAL Take home a
Computer baby
• Fee, disclosure, and human sexuality form
turned in.
• Agree to terms and conditions.
• Option 2 = read an article
JENGA Birth Defects Notes
A. Define and understand:
• 1. An abnormality of structure, function, or body metabolism
which often results in a physical or mental handicap, a shorter life
span, or is fatal. ___Birth Defect ___
• 2. Caused by Heredity (20% of the cases),
______Environment______ (20% the cases), or a combination of
both (60% of the cases)
• 3. The first _____six _______ weeks of prenatal development is
the most sensitive period for birth defects to an unborn baby.
• 4. A person that carries and passes on a disease or condition
without having it him/herself. ______Carrier_______
B. Methods of inheritance or TYPES OF DEFECTS (you will use this information for your Birth Defect Chart)
•
5. The fertilized egg cell, which contains chromosomes in an abnormal number, structure/shape, or
arrangement _Chromosomal Error_. (Down ’s syndrome)
•
6. Reduced or missing blood component, or an inability to do its full share of the work. _Blood Disorder__
(Hemophilia)
•
7. A condition that is present at birth where part of the body might be missing, misshapen, or duplicated.
__Congenital Malformation_____ (Neural Tube Defect)
•
8. Factors, mainly environmental, that cause damage to the fetus due to exposure to harmful agents during
critical prenatal development or during birth like infections, chemical substances, complications, and natural
disorders of abnormalities. __Prenatal Damage___ (Fetal Alcohol Syndrome)
•
9. Genetic conditions of the body’s metabolic chemistry that causes the inability of cells to produce necessary
substances like enzymes or proteins, to break down waste, or to carry substances from one place to another.
_Metabolic Defect _____(PKU)
•
10. When an X chromosome from mom has faulty traits it makes her the carrier and the defect could show up
in the male offspring. There is a 50/50 chance of the child inheriting the disorder. _Sex__ or__X___ linked
(Color blindness)
•
11. Many factors, usually both genetic and environmental, are involved in causing a birth defect. __MultiFactoral___ (Cleft lip, Cleft Palate, or Cerebral palsy)
•
12. When the mutated gene is a dominant gene located on one of the non sex chromosomes. Only one
mutated gene is needed to become affected with this type of birth defect. They have a 50% chance of passing it
on to the child __Dominant Inheritance__ (Huntington’s Disease)
•
13. Two copies of the gene must be mutated for a person to be affected by an autosomal recessive disorder. An
affected person usually has unaffected parents who each carry a single copy of the mutated gene and are
referred to as carriers. There is 25% chance of the child inheriting abnormal genes and having the disorder, a
25% chance of receiving normal genes, and a 50% chance of just being a carrier _Recessive Inheritance __
(Cystic fibrosis)
C. Maternal (mom) and paternal (dad) factors that influence birth defects
14. Name and explain 5 of the maternal factors that could influence a baby having a birth defect
MATERNAL (mother) FACTORS and RISKS CONTRIBUTE to BIRTH DEFECTS
1.
Over 35 years of age.
2.
Overweight
3.
Underweight
4.
Jewish decent
5.
African American
6.
Smoker
7.
Drinks alcohol
8.
Has personal habits that are different from most people
9.
Uses prescription drugs
10.
Has used street drugs
11.
Takes vitamins
12.
Drinks caffeine
13.
Has had exposure to chemicals
14.
Live in a home built before 1955
15.
Constant exposure to cats
16.
Has had x-rays during pregnancy
17.
Aliments that run in families:
High blood pressure
Thalassemia
Diabetes
Birth defects
Hemophilia
Mental retardation
Sickle cell anemia
1.
Cystic Fibrosis
Health problems:
Genital herpes
Diabetes
Gonorrhea
High blood pressure
Syphilis
Heart disease
Epilepsy
Anemia
1.
No immunizations against rubella
2.
Rh factor
3.
Miscarriage
4.
DES to stop pregnancy
5.
Last birth was less than 12 month ago
6.
Has had a baby that weighed less than d ½ pounds
7.
Has had 3 or more miscarriages
8.
Has had more than 5 pregnancies
9.
Has had a still born baby
15. Name and explain 3 paternal (father) factors that could influence birth defects
PATERNAL (Father) INCREASE RISKS
Birth defects, childhood cancer, and miscarriages have all been linked to the health of the father’s sperm. Dad’s -To-Be- play a huge role in their
unborn child’s health. Planning to father a child? Start acting like you are already pregnant, too and take the same precautions as the Mom.
1.
Diet
a.
b.
Eat for three: yourself, your unborn baby, and your spouse
Pay attention to nutrition as though you were pregnant and the baby depended on you.
1.
Habits
a.
Do not smoke
b. Be wary of alcohol consumption
c.
Stay away from drugs and other chemical substances including medication
1.
Lifestyle
a.
Where you work, your line of work, and your daily tasks can influence your baby’s health.
b. Excessive sunlight
c.
Hot tubs and or hot baths
d. Get enough rest and relaxation
e. Exercise
f.
Tight pants and or underwear
1.
Attitude
a.
Stress
b. Want to have a baby and want to be a father
c.
Good communication and support between you and your spouse
1.
Genetics and or Medical Problems
a.
Carrier of genetic disorders
b. Current health conditions
• 16. Women have all of the _eggs / ova__ needed to create a child
before they themselves are even born.
• 17. Men create new __sperm____ about every 72 hours. Their
sperm are continually being affected and altered by the male’s
lifestyle and environmental choices.
• 18. Sperm can become ___mutated_____ due to the father’s
environment, heredity, or a combination of both, but even
damaged sperm can ____fertilize______ an egg and create a child.
• 19. Men should follow ALL ___guidelines_____ given to a woman
to prevent birth defects if they are sexually active.
D. Environmental or lifestyle factors that can cause birth defects
20. List 5 of these factors that could influence environmental birth
defects:
STD’s, street drugs, medication, alcohol, radiation, exercise, stress, caffeine, lifestyle, attitude, radiation, etc.
21. Of all of the environmental and lifestyle factors presented, which are preventable or within the parent’s
control?
CAN THEY BE PREVENTED?




While the causes of most birth defects are not known, there are a number of steps a woman can take to reduce her risk of
having a baby with a birth defect.
Visit a health care provider for a pre-pregnancy check up. Especially if a woman has health problems
When pregnant take daily multivitamin containing 400 mg of the B-vitamin folic Acid
Avoid alcohol, drugs, smoking, prescription or over-the-counter medication with out checking with her health care provider.
PREVENTABLE BIRTH DEFECTS
NUTRITION:
The nutrition of the pregnant mother is of utmost importance to the fetus. Many nutrients are needed in increased amounts during
pregnancy: iron, protein, calcium, folic acid, vitamin D, and magnesium. These nutrients are found in dark leafy greens, meats, eggs,
and milk. It is also important that the expectant mother avoid salt, caffeine, and nutri-sweet during the pregnancy.
ALCOHOL:
Do not drink alcohol when you are pregnant. The effects of drinking are: FAS, smaller baby at birth, facial deformation, retardation,
smaller brain, miscarriages, or still birth.
SMOKING:
Smoking during pregnancy results in miscarriage, smaller birthrate, decreased oxygen to the fetus.
DRUGS:
Over-the-counter drugs, including aspirin, can cause hemorrhaging. Avoid large doses of vitamins.
Prescription drugs – avoid accutaine
Street drugs – these include cocaine, PCP, and crack. They create addictions, mental and emotional damage.
STDs:
Gonorrhea, Chlamydia – causes ear and eye infections, pneumonia, blindness. They must be treated with antibodies.
Syphilis – damaged bones, liver, blood vessels, may cause death. Must be treated with antibodies.
Herpes – may necessitate a C-section, if active.
AIDS – causes death
RUBELLA (MEASLES):
May cause loss of hearing, vision, damaged heart, mental retardation, death.
Woman should be vaccinated before pregnancy occurs.
PARASITES:
Causes toxoplasmosis. Avoid cat feces and undercooked food.
RADIATION (X-RAYS, NUCLEAR ACCIDENTS):
Causes a break-down of the bones, and stops growth. Avoid X-rays as much as possible.
HEALTH:
The number of doctor visits before and during pregnancy, your diet and nutrition, your weight, and weight gain during pregnancy,
amount of exercise you get, amount of rest you get, immunizations you have had, Your lifestyle – what you do for fun.
E. Medical care to prevent and/or detect birth defects
• 22. What form of medical care helps couples to understand their
genetic codes and how they might affect their children? _genetic
counseling__
• 23. This is a test performed during pregnancy where a small
amount of amniotic fluid is drawn out and examined to detect
• chromosomal abnormalities. __amniocentesis__
• 24. High Frequency sound waves to locate the position, size, and
structure of the fetus, and placenta in the womb. _ultrasound___
• 25. A pregnant woman should go to 13 prenatal __check-ups____
before the baby is born and begin these by week 13 of her
pregnancy to ensure a higher percentage of a healthy pregnancy.
• 26. A _miscarriage__ is nature’s way of expelling a baby incapable
of surviving.
BIRTH DEFECTS CHART KEY
Disease/ Birth Defects
Method of Inheritance or Type of Defect
When is it detected and the Effects on the person
(Use your study guide section B #4-10.)
Cerebral Palsy
Cleft lip/
Cleft Palate
Perinatal damage
Damage to one or more parts of the brain
that control movement before, during, or
shortly after birth.
-
Congenital malformation
Multi-factoral
-
Detected during the first year of life. Baby does not
develop motor skills at the general rate for children.
*Heredity /
Genetics *Environment
or *Both
Treatment
Environmental
Special treatment plan
Special medication
Physical therapy
Surgery
Both
surgery
Both
Surgery
Corrective shoes
Genetics / Heredity
No cure.
Respiratory help, special diet, and physical therapy
Heredity / Genetics
Surgery for heart therapy, Special assistance will
help the person to function more effectively, may
need corrective surgery for malformations.
Environment
Special assistance
Both
None. Physical therapy can minimize physical
disabilities.
Heredity / Genetics
Preventable diet.
Screenings that begin with a blood test 24 hours
and then again 4-6 weeks after birth.
Lack of control of movement and posture.
Detected at birth
Two sides of lip and/or pallet not joined causing problems with
eating, swallowing, and speech.
Clubfoot
Congenital malformation
Multi-factoral
-
Detected at birth
Foot and ankle twisted, making
it impossible to walk normally
Cystic Fibrosis
Down’s Syndrome
Recessive disorder
Chromosomal error – extra 21st
chromosome
-
Birth to 6 months and some in adulthood
-
Lack of enzyme. Mucous obstructions in the body,
especially lungs and digestion causing respiratory
problems; growth retardation
-
Detected at birth
Some form of mental retardation, oval shaped eyes, thick big
tongue, , short neck, back of head is flat, small ears, flat and
wide nose, short and loose joints, common heart problems.
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Perinatal
Detected at birth or in early childhood.
Some form of mental retardation.
Facial abnormalities and Deformed limbs.
Muscular Dystrophy
Multi-factoral
Sex-linked (x)
-
Early childhood to adulthood
Weakening of muscles. Inability to walk, move, wasting away
and sometimes death
PKU
Recessive disorder
Metabolic defects
-
Detected at birth
Abnormal digestion of protein, mental retardation and
hyperactivity
Spina Bifida and
Neural Tube Defects
Multi-factoral
Perinatal damage
-
Detected at birth
Both
Surgery
Physical therapy
Heredity /
Genetics
Blood transfusions
Varying degrees from slight cyst to
open spine (sores, infertile, legs,
paralyzed, poor bladder and bowel
control, death)
Underdeveloped or missing brain OR
spinal cord and it could result in death.
Sickle Cell Anemia
Recessive disorder
Blood disorder
-
Birth to 6 months
Abnormal blood cells, bout of pain, heart
and kidney failure, less oxygen to all
parts of the body. Death in childhood.
Damage to adult vital organs
Choose 1 Drug Related
Birth defect
Choose 1 Sexually
Transmitted Disease
/Infection Related birth
defect.
•Learning about genetics, heredity, and birth defects has helped to prepare me to become a parent by….
•How are you going to use this new information to better your future?