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079-083_GRS_CH20_065744-X 12/1/01 10:18 AM Page 80 Back Print Name Class Date 20 Guided Reading Strategies 20.2 Modern Chapter 11 Constitutional Monarchy in England CHAPTER READING THE SECTION As you read the section, answer each of the following questions in the space provided. 1. What were Charles II’s methods of working with Parliament? 2. Who were the Tories? 3. Who were the Whigs? 4. Why did the English want William and Mary as rulers in place of James II’s heirs? 5. What did Thomas Hobbes believe? 6. What did John Locke believe? 7. Who gained more power from the English Bill of Rights? 8. What was the Toleration Act? 9. Which party holds cabinet posts in the English government? 10. What is a prime minister? POST-READING QUICK CHECK After you have finished reading the section, in the space provided, explain limited constitutional monarchy. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Holt World History: The Human Journey 80 Guided Reading Strategies i-55_GRS-GEO_AK_065744-X 12/17/01 1:59 PM Page 31 Back Print ANSWER KEY Chapter 20 (Modern Chapter 11) SECTION 3 Reading the Section Detail B: Within her empire, there were many conflicts of language, religion, and nationality. Detail C: Some German states, such as Bavaria, resented Hapsburg rule. Topic II: The Hohenzollerns were a powerful ruling family. Detail B: Frederick William was given the title of King of Prussia. Detail D: Frederick William I created an efficient government system for Prussia. Detail A: Prussia was supported by Great Britain. Detail C: Eventually Russia pulled away from Austria and France, and formed a separate alliance with Prussia. SECTION 1 Reading the Section 1. Petition of Right 2. Rebellion broke out. 3. It passed a law that Parliament must meet 4. 5. 6. Post-Reading Quick Check Frederick II spent the years after the Seven Years’ War working to strengthen and rebuild his kingdom. 7. 8. SECTION 4 at least once every three years, it kept the king from raising taxes on his own, and forced the execution of two of his advisors for treason. Parliament and Charles I could not agree on who should be in command of the army. Cromwell took charge. The monarchy and the House of Lords were abolished. This prevented Cromwell from creating a representative form of government. It discouraged other groups from acting against the government. He lost the army’s support, and Charles II returned to England. Reading the Section Post-Reading Quick Check Elizabeth I’s solution: Elizabeth sent the British navy to fight the Spanish Armada. Did it work? Why or why not? The British navy successfully defeated the Armada, because their ships were smaller and quicker and their guns could shoot farther and faster. Elizabeth I’s solution: Elizabeth persecuted all religions, except for the Anglican Church. Did it work? Why or why not? This angered the other religious groups and did not stop the disputes. Elizabeth I’s solution: Elizabeth consulted Parliament often, and seemed to take their advice, and she allowed freedom of speech within Parliament. Did it work? Why or why not? Some members of Parliament still questioned her policies. 1) The king could not tax the people without the agreement of Parliament; 2) he could not declare martial law; 3) he could not board soldiers in private homes during peacetime; and 4) he could not imprison a person without a specific charge. SECTION 2 Reading the Section 1. He used secrecy and roundabout methods to gain his ends. 2. The Tories were a group that usually supported the Anglican Church, however, they were willing to accept James II as a king. 3. The Whigs were a group that claimed to deny the throne to James II. They wanted a strong Parliament and opposed having a Catholic ruler. 4. They feared that the son of James II would begin a line of Catholic rulers on the English throne. Post-Reading Quick Check While Elizabeth I worked to maintain good relations with Parliament, James I disagreed with Parliament on most major issues and was a poor statesman. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Holt World History: The Human Journey 31 Geography Activities/Guided Reading Answer Key i-55_GRS-GEO_AK_065744-X 12/17/01 1:59 PM Page 32 Back Print ANSWER KEY 5. He believed that people acted from self- 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. divided into branches creates checks on political power Rousseau On Government: Good government must be based on popular sovereignty, meaning that government must be created an controlled by the people. Philosophes On Government: wrote The Encyclopedia, which contained some articles criticizing the government’s policies on slaves, torture, taxes, and war interest and without regard for the rights or welfare of others. The world was a place where only the strong would survive. He believed on in the exchange of individual liberty for group safety and social order. He accepted the idea of the social contract but believed that people had given up only some of their individual rights. He believed that the people had the right to change their government if it became oppressive. Parliament It granted some religious freedoms to dissenters, and barred them from holding public office. However, it did not protect Roman Catholics or Jews. the majority party in Parliament first minister, the real head of government Post-Reading Quick Check He was defending the freedom of speech. SECTION 5 Detail B: Boston Tea Party Detail D: The American Revolution began. Topic II: Delegates met and voted to declare their freedom from Great Britain, adopting the Declaration of Independence. Detail B: It said that no government can exist without the consent of its citizens. Detail C: The Declaration of Independence also said that government is created to protect individual rights. Detail A: The Articles of Confederation were adopted in 1777. Detail C: Because many Americans were unhappy with the weakness of the new government, a constitution was written which provided for a federal system of government. Detail D: Some Americans did not like the Constitution because they feared it did not protect the rights of individuals; as a result, the Bill of Rights was added. Post-Reading Quick Check Royal powers were limited, which required the king or queen to consult with Parliament and which reserved certain important powers for Parliament alone. SECTION 3 Reading the Section 1. at home 2. North America 3. slave ships 4. around the globe 5. trading posts 6. win their support and loyalty 7. Northwest Passage 8. Henry Hudson 9. slavery 10. Britain POST-READING QUICK CHECK 1. a new prime minister who was willing to Post-Reading Quick Check carry out George III’s policies; because of his actions the American Revolution began 2. the chief American negotiator 3. the Declaration’s principal author Colonists resented Britain because Parliament passed laws to enforce the policy of mercantilism. One law required colonists to sell certain products only to Britain. Other laws discouraged colonists from manufacturing their own goods. Chapter 21 (Modern Chapter 12) SECTION 4 SECTION 1 Reading the Section Reading the Section 1. the time before 1789 2. the First Estate 3. the Third Estate Natural Law: laws of nature govern the universe and all its creatures Montesquieu On Government: government Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Holt World History: The Human Journey 32 Geography Activities/Guided Reading Answer Key