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Contents
Neuroscience Approaches to
Evaluating the Neuroscience
Introduction and Historical
Ovcrvicw
1
Mental Disorder
Personal Distress 5
4
6
Dysfunction 7
History of Psychopathology
8
8
Biological
9
The
Ages and Demonology 9
Development of
42
42
The Cognitive Behavioral Paradigm 43
Influences from Behavior Therapy 43
Cognitive Science 45
The Role of the Unconscious 46
Cognitive Behavior Therapy 47
Evaluating the Cognitive Behavioral Paradigm 48
Factors That Cut across the
49
Emotion and Psychopathology 49
Sociocultural Factors and Psychopathology 50
Interpersonal Factors and Psychopathology 54
Paradigm 58
Summary 60
The Evolution of Contemporary Thought 14
Biological Approaches
Psychological Approaches
The Mental Health Professions 25
Diagnosis and Assessment 6 2
Cornerstones of Diagnosis and Assessment 63
Reliability 64
Validity 64
Classification and Diagnosis 65
The Diagnostic System of the American Psychiatric
Association: Toward
1
The Genetic Paradigm 30
Behavior Genetics 31
Molecular Genetics 32
Gene-Environment Interactions 33
Reciprocal Gene-Environment Interactions 35
Evaluating the Genetic Paradigm 35
The Neuroscience Paradigm 36
Neurons and Neurotransmitters 36
Structure and Function of the Human Brain 38
The Neuroendocrine System 40
66
Specific
of the DSM 77
General Criticisms of Diagnosing Mental
78
Psychological Assessment 80
Clinical Interviews 80
Assessment
Stress 83
Personality Tests 85
Intelligence Tests 89
Behavioral and Cognitive Assessment 90
Assessment 94
Brain
"Seeing" the Brain 94
Neurotransmitter Assessment 95
Neuropsychological Assessment 96
xviii
Abnormal psychology
2013
digitalisiert durch:
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Contents
Psychophysiological Assessment 98
A Cautionary Note about Neurobiological
Assessment 98
XIX
Depression and Primary Care 165
A Final Note on Treatment 165
Suicide 166
Cultural and Ethnic Diversity and Assessment
100
Cultural Bias in Assessment 100
Strategies for Avoiding Cultural Bias in Assessment
Summary
102
of Suicide and Suicide Attempts 167
of Suicide 168
Preventing Suicide
Summary 172
6
Research Methods in
Anxiety Disorders 174
Psychopathology
Clinical Descriptions
104
Science and Scientific Methods
104
Anxiety Disorders 176
Specific Phobias 176
Social Anxiety Disorder
Approaches to Research on Psychopathology
The Case Study 105
The Correlational Method 107
The Experiment 115
the
Summary
Multiple Studies
105
Panic Disorder 179
Agoraphobia 180
Generalized Anxiety Disorder 181
Comorbidity in Anxiety Disorders 181
127
•
Gender and
Disorders 182
129
Factors
* •
the Anxiety
Gender 182
Culture 182
Common Risk Factors across the Anxiety
Disorders 184
Mood Disorders 131
Fear Conditioning 185
.
.
Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology ot Mood
Disorders 132
Depressive Disorders 132
Bipolar Disorders 138
Subtypes of Depressive Disorders and Bipolar
Disorders
Mood Disorders
143
Neurobiological Factors in Mood Disorders 144
Social Factors in Depression: Life Events and
Interpersonal Difficulties 150
Psychological Factors in Depression 151
Fitting Together the Etiological Factors
in Depressive Disorders
Social and Psychological Factors in Bipolar
Disorder 155
Treatment of Mood Disorders
156
Psychological Treatment of Depression 157
Psychological Treatment of Bipolar Disorder
Biological Treatment of Mood Disorders
Genetic Factors: Are Genes a Diathesis for Anxiety
Disorders? 186
'
Neurobiological Factors: The Fear Circuit
and the Activity of Neurotransmitters 186
Personality:
and
Cognitive Factors 187
187
Etiology of Specific Anxiety Disorders 189
Etiology of Specific Phobias 189
Disorder
Etiology of Panic Disorder 191
Etiology of Agoraphobia 193
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Treatments of the Anxiety Disorders 195
across Psychological Treatments 195
Psychological Treatments of Specific Anxiety
Disorders 197
Medications That Reduce Anxiety 199
Summary 200
XX
Contents
Obsessive-Compulsive-Related and
Schizophrenia 252
Trauma-Related
Clinical Descriptions of Schizophrenia 253
203
Obsessive-Compulsive and Related
Disorders
Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of the
Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders 205
Etiology of the Obsessive-Compulsive and Related
Disorders 209
Treatment of the Obsessive-Compulsive and Related
Disorders 212
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Acute Stress
Disorder 216
Clinical Description and Epidemiology of Posttraumatic
Stress Disorder and Acute Stress Disorder
Etiology of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder 219
'
..
Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
and Acute Stress Disorder 222
Summary 225
8
Positive Symptoms
Negative Symptoms 255
Disorganized Symptoms 256
Movement Symptoms 258
Schizophrenia and the DSM-5 259
Etiology of Schizophrenia 2 6 1
Genetic Factors 261
The Role of Neurotransmitters 266
Brain Structure and Function 268
Environmental Factors Influencing the Developing
Brain 270
Psychological Factors 271
Factors 274
* rc
•
Treatment
Schizophrenia 276
Medications 276
Psychological Treatments 280
Summary 286
10
Dissociative Disorders and Somatic
Substance Use Disorders 287
Symptom
226
. .
Dissociative Disorders 228
Clinical Descriptions, Prevalence, and Effects
of Substance Use Disorders 287
D.ssoc.a
229
230
Disorder 232
Dissociative Identity Disorder 233
Somatic Symptom Disorders 238
Clinical Description of Complex Somatic Symptom
Disorder 240
Clinical Description of
Anxiety
Disorder 240
Clinical Description of Functional Neurological
Disorder 241
Etiology of Somatic Symptom Disorders 244
Treatment of Somatic Symptom Disorders 248
Summary
251
Alcohol Use Disorder 289
295
299
302
Hallucinogens, Ecstasy, and PCP 305
Etiology of Substance Use Disorders 308
Genetic Factors 309
Neurobiological Factors
Psychological Factors
Sociocultural Factors 314
Treatment of Substance Use Disorders 318
Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder
Treatments for Smoking 322
Treatment of Drug Use Disorders 325
Contents
Prevention of Substance Use Disorders
Summary
330
331
Frotteuristic Disorder 384
Sexual
and
Disorders 384
Etiology of the Paraphilias 385
Treatments for the Paraphilias 387
Summary 391
11
Eating Disorders
333
Clinical Descriptions of Eating Disorders 334
Anorexia Nervosa 334
Nervosa 337
Binge Eating Disorder 340
Etiology of Eating Disorders 343
Genetic Factors 343
Neurobiological Factors 344
Cognitive Behavioral Factors 346
Sociocultural Factors 349
Other Factors Contributing to the Etiology of Eating
Disorders 353
Treatment of Eating Disorders 355
Medications 355
Psychological Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa 356
Psychological Treatment of Bulimia Nervosa 357
Psychological Treatment of Binge Eating Disorder 358
Preventive
for Eating Disorders 359
Summary
XXI
360
12
Sexual Disorders 3 6 2
Sexual
and Behavior 362
Gender and Sexuality 363
The Sexual Response Cycle 365
Sexual Dysfunctions 367
Clinical Descriptions of Sexual Dysfunctions 367
Etiology of Sexual Dysfunctions 372
Treatments of Sexual Dysfunctions 375
The Paraphilias 379
Fetishistic Disorder 380
Pedohebephilic Disorder and Incest 381
Voyeuristic Disorder 384
Exhibitionistic Disorder 384
Disorders of Childhood
393
Classification and Diagnosis of Childhood
Disorders 394
Disorder 399
Clinical Descriptions, Prevalence, and Prognosis of
ADHD 399
Etiology of ADHD 403
Treatment of ADHD 405
Conduct Disorder 407
Clinical Description, Prevalence, and
Prognosis of Conduct Disorder 407
Etiology of Conduct Disorder 409
Treatment of Conduct Disorder 412
Depression and Anxiety in Children and
Adolescents 415
Depression 415
Anxiety 418
Learning Disabilities 423
Clinical Descriptions 424
Etiology of Learning Disabilities 424
Treatment of Learning Disabilities 426
Intellectual
Disorder 427
Diagnosis and Assessment of Intellectual
Developmental Disorder 428
Etiology of Intellectual Developmental Disorder 428
Treatment of Intellectual Developmental Disorder 430
Spectrum Disorder 432
Clinical Descriptions, Prevalence, and Prognosis of
Autism Spectrum Disorder 432
Etiology of Autism Spectrum Disorder 438
Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder 439
Summary 4 4 1
Contents
Treatment of Schizotypal Personality Disorder, Avoidant
Personality Disorder, and Psychopathy 489
Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder 489
14
Late Life and Neurocognitive
Disorders 443
Aging: Issues and Methods
492
444
Myths about Late Life 445
The Problems Experienced in Late Life 446
16
Research Methods in the Study of Aging 447
Psychological Disorders in Late Life 448
Estimating the Prevalence of Psychological
Disorders in Late Life 449
Methodological Issues in Estimating the
Late
Psychology and Law
451
The Concept of Insanity 497
The Insanity Defense 498
History of the Insanity Defense 498
Dementia 451
Delirium 460
Summary
494
Malingering 496
Prevalence of Psychopathology 450
Neurocognitive Disorders
493
Responsibility 498
and
Responsibility
463
Civil
15
Personality and Personality
Disorders 465
Personality Assessment in the
and the Proposed DSM-5 466
,.
.
The Steps of Personality Assessment
the Proposed
DSM-5 469
509
Preventive Detention and Problems in the Prediction
of Dangerousness
Greater Protection of the Rights of People with
Mental
Deinstitutionalization, Civil Liberties, and Mental
Health 516
The Griffiths Report: 'Community Care: Agenda for
517
Ethical Dilemmas in Therapy and Research
Ethical Constraints on Research
Consent 520
Confidentiality and Privileged
521
the Client or Patient? 522
Levels of Personality Functioning 469
Personality Disorder Types 470
Summary
522
Glossary
Gl
Personality Trait Domains and Facets 471
Personality Disorder Types 473
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder 474
References
Narcissistic Personality Disorder 475
Schizotypal Personality Disorder 476
Quotation and Illustration credits
Avoidant Personality Disorder 477
Antisocial Personality Disorder and Psychopathy 479
Name Index
Borderline Personality Disorder 484
Personality Disorders
487
General Approaches to the Treatment of Personality
Disorders 488
499
Subject Index