Download Key Concepts Choose the letter of the best answer.

Name: _______________________________________________
Date: __________
Key Concepts
Choose the letter of the best answer.
____ 1. Functions of the skeletal system include
A. forcing blood to circulate through the body
B. sending electrical signals to the brain
C. providing support and protection
D. digesting food that is eaten
____ 2. Your brain is protected by your skull. Your skull is part of the
A. axial skeleton
B. appendicular skeleton
C. exoskeleton
D. voluntary skeleton
____ 3. The appendicular skeleton includes the
A. cranium
B. hands and feet
C. ribs
D. spine
____ 4. The lightweight bone tissue found near the end of long bones is called
A. blood vessel
B. compact bone
C. yellow bone marrow
D. spongy bone
____ 5. Compact bone tissue functions to
A. produce red blood cells
B. produce bone marrow
C. support the body
D. carry electrical impulses
Extended Response
Answer the following question on the back of this paper or on a separate sheet of paper.
6. Identify two types of joints. Describe the characteristics of each type.
Key Concepts
Select the term that best completes the statement.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
body temperature
cardiac muscle
movement
movement muscle
muscular system
posture
smooth muscle
tendons
voluntary muscle
____ 7. Your _______ is made up of all the muscles in your body.
Unsaved Test, Version: 1
1
____ 8. Shivering is one way your muscles help you maintain your _______.
____ 9. Your muscles affect your _______ by helping you stand up straight.
____ 10. A skeletal muscle is called a _______ because you can control the way it moves.
____ 11. _______, a type of involuntary muscle, is found inside some organs and performs automatic
movements.
____ 12. The muscle that makes up your heart is called _______.
____ 13. Skeletal muscles can move bones because the muscles are attached to the bones by tissues called
_______.
Extended Response
Answer the following question on the back of this paper or on a separate sheet of paper.
14. Explain how muscles, tendons, and joints work together to produce movement in the body.
Key Concepts
Choose the letter of the best answer.
____ 15. What helps muscles provide greater force?
A. less or smaller fibers
B. more or larger fibers
C. decrease in exercise
D. increase in muscle soreness
____ 16. How does the motion of an object change when forces are balanced?
A. It increases.
B. It decreases.
C. It increases, then decreases.
D. There is no change.
____ 17. Lori uses a rope draped over a beam to lift a heavy box. The rope system is a machine that
A. increases the force Lori uses
B. decreases the distance over which Lori must apply force
C. decreases the total work required to lift the box
D. changes the direction of Lori's force
____ 18. How do muscles exert force?
A. They contract.
B. They expand.
C. They separate.
D. They push.
____ 19. Using a ramp to lift an object
A. decreases the force required and decreases the distance
B. increases the force required and increases the distance
C. decreases the force required but increases the distance
D. increases the force required but decreases the distance
Unsaved Test, Version: 1
2
Extended Response
Answer the following question on the back of this paper or on a separate sheet of paper.
20. Define balanced forces. Create a scenario that describes what happens when forces on an object are
balanced and unbalanced.
Key Concepts
Choose the letter of the best answer.
____ 21. What force does a machine exert on an object?
A. effort force
B. balanced force
C. input force
D. output force
____ 22. The mechanical advantage of a machine is the
A. output work divided by the input work
B. input force divided by the output force
C. output force divided by the input force
D. input work divided by the output work
____ 23. Most muscles in the body are third-class levers (input force between the fulcrum and output force).
What advantage does this type of lever provide?
A. slower motion
B. a greater output force
C. change in the direction of a force
D. increase the speed of the load
____ 24. You can increase the mechanical advantage of a lever by
A. increasing the distance from the input force to the fulcrum
B. decreasing the distance from the input force to the fulcrum
C. increasing the distance from the output force to the fulcrum
D. increasing the input force
____ 25. In what type of lever is the fulcrum between the input and output forces?
A. first-class
B. second-class
C. third-class
D. fourth-class
Extended Response
Answer the following question on the back of this paper or on a separate sheet of paper.
26. Draw a lever with a fulcrum at one end and a load somewhere along the lever. If you were trying to
increase the output force, where would you put the input force? Draw this in your diagram. If you were
trying to increase the speed or distance the load moves, where would you put the input force?
Unsaved Test, Version: 1
3
Answer Key
1. C. providing support and protection
2. A. axial skeleton
3. B. hands and feet
4. D. spongy bone
5. C. support the body
6. 4 pointsfor a response that correctly describes both movable and immovable joints
Sample: Joints can be either immovable or movable. Immovable joints lock bones together. They form
rigid structures. Movable joints connect bones but still allow movement. These joints connect bones with
tissues called ligaments. Students may also choose to describe the different types of movable joints in the
body, such as ball-and-socket, hinge, pivot, saddle, gliding joints, and ellipsoid joints.
3 points:correctly describes one type of joint and partially describes the other
2 points:correctly describes one type of joint
1 point:partially describes one type of joint
7. E. muscular system
8. A. body temperature
9. F. posture
10.
I. voluntary muscle
11.
G. smooth muscle
12.
B. cardiac muscle
13.
H. tendons
14.
4 pointsfor a response that correctly explains how muscles, tendons, and joints produce movement.
Sample: Muscles, tendons, and joints work together to produce movement in the body. Muscles can only
pull, not push. As a muscle contracts, it shortens and pulls on the tendon. The tendon connects muscle
tissue to bone tissue, often over a joint. Pulling on the tendon causes the bone to pivot in the direction of
the muscle contraction.
3 pointsfor a response of how two of the three items produce movement
2 pointsfor a response of how one of the three items produce movement
1 pointfor a partial response of how one of the three items produce movement
15.
B. more or larger fibers
16.
D. There is no change.
17.
D. changes the direction of Lori's force
18.
A. They contract.
19.
C. decreases the force required but increases the distance
Unsaved Test, Version: 1
4
20.
4 points for a response that correctly describes balanced and unbalanced forces and gives an example of
both
Sample: Balanced forces occur when the same force is applied on an object but in opposing directions.
When two teams pull a rope from opposite sides, the rope will not move if each team exerts the same
force on the rope. If one team begins to pull the rope with a greater force, the rope will move towards them
and away from the other team.
3 points: correctly describes balanced and unbalanced forces and gives an example of one or the other
but not both
2 points: correctly describes balanced or unbalanced forces and gives and example of the description
1 point: correctly defines balanced or unbalanced forces but does not provide an example
21.
D. output force
22.
A. output work divided by the input work
23.
D. increase the speed of the load
24.
C. increasing the distance from the output force to the fulcrum
25.
A. first-class
26.
4 points for the student that correctly draws and labels both levers.
Sample: Students' drawings should show two labeled levers. The first should be a second-class lever,
with the input force on the opposite end of the lever from fulcrum. The output force would be in the middle.
In the second diagram, students' should draw a third-class lever. The input force will be in between the
fulcrum and the output force.
3 points: correctly draws both levers and correctly labels at least one lever
2 points: correctly draws both levers or correctly draws and labels one lever
1 point: correctly draws a lever with the fulcrum at the end
Unsaved Test, Version: 1
5
Standards Summary
CA 7.5.a
Students know plants and animals have levels of organization for
structure and function, including cells, tissues, organs, organ
systems, and the whole organism.
CA 7.6.h
Students know how to compare joints in the body (wrist, shoulder,
thigh) with structures used in machines and simple devices (hinge,
ball-and-socket, and sliding joints).
CA 7.5.c
Students know how bones and muscles work together to provide a
structural framework for movement.
CA 7.6.i
Students know how levers confer mechanical advantage and how the
application of this principle applies to the musculoskeletal system.
Unsaved Test, Version: 1
6