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Scientific Classification of Plants 17.00: Apply procedures used in horticultural plant identification including scientific classification Taxonomy The science of classifying and identifying plants Scientific names are used because the same common name is used for different plants in different areas of the world. Karl von Linne Swedish botanist that developed the binomial system of naming plants using two Latin words to indicate the genus and species. Linne changed his name to the Latin name Carolus Linneaus. Scientific Names Latin is the language used for scientific classification. The first word is the genus and the second word is the species. If there are additional words, they indicate a variety or cultivar. Genus vs. Species Plants in the same genus have similar characteristics. Plants in the same species consistently produce plants of the same type. Scientific Classification The broadest category of scientific classification is the Kingdom-either plant or animal. The broadest category in the plant kingdom is division or phylum. Divisions The four most important divisions of the plant kingdom are: – Thallophites – Bryophytes – Pteriophytes – Spermatophytes Spermatophytes Contains flowering or seed-bearing plants Two subdivisions are: – Gymnosperms and Angiosperms Common Plant Genus Pinus-Pine Cornus-dogwood Acer-Maple Rhododendronrhododendron Ilex-Holly Quercus-oak Ficus-fig Growth Habits Trees shrubs vines Form Columnar Spreading Weeping Round Oval Pyramidal Growth Forms Spreading Columnar Weeping Growth Forms Round Oval Pyramidal Foliage Retention Evergreen Deciduous Plant Parts-Leaves Arrangement Shapes Color Vein pattern Form (simple or compound) Margin Surface Leaf Arrangement Alternate Opposite Whorled Alternant Leaves Whorled Leaves Leaf Shapes Vein Pattern Palmate Parallel Pinnate Plant Parts-Flowers Color Shape Size Plant PartsBud and Stem Shape and color Stem modifications – thorns – spines – prickles Thorns, Spines, Prickles Thorn Prickle Spine Plant Parts-Roots Tap Fibrous Bulb Root Types Fibrous Roots Tap Root Onion bulbs Plant Parts-Fruit Cones Nut (acorn) Clusters or drupes (raspberry) Capsules (willow) Samara (maple) Fruits and Nuts Cones Acorns Drupe Fruits and Nuts Samara Capsules Use and location Not absolute but helpful Indoor or outdoor Altitude Wet or dry Zone Sun, partial shade, shade Landscape purpose-specimen, border, etc.
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