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Joint Classifications Joints Classification schemes structural functional 3 types fibrous 3 types 3types sutures synarthroses gomphoses amphiarthroses Immovable Slightly moveable * some say synarthroses,depending on length of CT * syndesmoses cartilaginous 2types synchondroses symphyses synovial All classified as diarthroses Freely moveable Synovial vs. Non-synovial joints Structural Classifications Have no 3 types Have no fibrous Joint cavity Joint capsule Synovial fluid Hyaline cartilage Synovial membrane cartilaginous Reinforcing ligaments Have synovial 6 Types Plane Non-axial Hinge Pivot Uni-axial Condyloid Bi-axial Saddle Ball & socket Multiaxial Examples of Types of Synovial Joints Synovial Joints 6 Types Plane Hinge Pivot Condyloid Saddle Ball & socket Example Example Example Example Example Example Intertarsals Elbow C1/C2 MCP CMC 1 Shoulder Intercarpals Knee Prox.. RU AtlatoOcc. SternoClav Hip Sacroiliac Inter P. Radiocarp. InterV (fcts) Ankle MTP Tissues & Classification = Groups of Tissue Structure That share similar Cells Function 4 basic tissues Fxn = Supports body Fxn = Movement Connective Muscle 4 subtypes 3 subtypes Smooth Striated Fxn = Covering/Lining & Glands Loose Cartilage Blood Dense 2 subtypes Cardiac includes Areolar Adipose Bone Spongy types Compact 2 subtypes (covering lining vs. glandular) Simple Permeable (alveoli, tubules of kidney) includes Nervous Epithelial Single layer CT Proper Fxn = Control of body Excitable Supporting 2+ layers Stratified Glandular types Squamous Squamous Abs./secr. (ducts of glands) Cuboidal Cuboidal Abs (digestive tract) Columnar Columnar Regular Protects. Keratinized (skin) or non (mouth) Stretches, permits distention (e.g. bladder) Protects, rare, lines ejac. duct Irregular Secr. (e.g. mucus in trachea) Pseudo Strat. Named for cells in apical layer Reticular Fibro. C. Hyaline Elastic Precursor of all CT = Mesenchyme Epithelial membrane = epi t + underlying CT (e.g. mucus membranes, skin membranes, serous membranes) Cell Structure/Function Cell = smallest living unit of matter 3 main parts Ctrll center = Separated from environment by Site of most chem. cell activities = nucleus Plasma memb. cytoplasm contains is a Surrounded by Fluid part = Nuclear memb has 2 layers pierced by Nuclear pores Nucleoli Chromatin Lipid bilayer Assembly site for Coiled form = Has “gateways” = ribosomes chromosomes Protein channels cytosol Suspends organelles = H2O based colloidal substance Suspended parts = organelles Are cell’s metabolic machinery inclusions e.g. stored food, pigments, foreign materials Organelles Cell nucleus cytoplasm Fluid part = Surrounded by Suspended parts = cytosol Nuclear Membrane organelles synthesize Cytoskeleton Structure = 3 types of “fibers” Function = Mvmt, shape Radiate from Micro.T’s Note: MTOC is area w/in cytoplasm called centrosome & centrosome contains centrioles Int Fil Function = Centrosome Transp, Struct. matrix of has Fxn = Centrioles Continuous w/ inclusions 3 roles support Micro Fil. Plasma memb. Function = Resist tension Proteaosomes Lysosomes Peroxisomes structure structure structure Multi enzyme cplx Sacs of enzymes Sacs of enzymes Function = Function = Digest tagged Ptns eat old/foreign Function = Detox R+, H2O2, ROH MTOC Endoplasmic Ret. Ribosomes 2 types SER destroy 2 types RER Structure = Folded memb Function = Lipid synth, Ptn.storage to Bound Free Structure = RNA + Protein Function = Protein synthesis Mitochondria Golgi structure structure Double memb. rods Flat memb. sacs Function = Make ATP Function = Modify/Pack Ptn e.g in secretory vesicles “ ship to”
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