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Unit 5
Genetics and Humans
Review Sheet
Important Words to Know
Te l o m e r e
Polygenic
Restriction Enzymes
Primer
Sex-Linked
Sticky-ends
Carrier
Blood Type
Pedigree
Incomplete Dominance
Autosome
Genetic Engineering
Plasmid
Gel Electrophoresis
Transgenic (GMO) Multiple Allele
Codominance Epistasis
Gene Therapy PCR
Human Genome Project Nondisjunction
Disorders to know the following about a. inheritance pattern b. basic symptoms
a. Hemophilia b. Cystic Fibrosis c. Down's Syndrome d. Tay-Sachs e. Huntington's f. Sickle Cell g. PKU
h. Fragile X i. Turner's syndrome j. Klinefelter syndrome
Questions:
1. What are the pros and cons of getting tested for a genetic disorder?
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2. Describe the process of putting a gene in bacteria
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3. How is changing the genetics of a bacteria different from a plant and animal?
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4. Give examples of Transgenic organisms/GMO's
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5. If a green frog and a white frog mated and produced a frog with green and white spots, what type of inheritance pattern
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6. What % of offspring will be pink from a cross between two pink flowers.
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7. In flies, eye color is a sex linked trait. Red Eyes are dominant to White eyes. If a female fruit fly heterozygous for red
eyes crossed with a white-eyed male. a. what percent of their offspring would have white eyes; b. what percentage of
males would have white eyes; c. what percentage of females would have white eyes? a. 5° b. fG c. S~Q
8. Why are the sex chromosomes hot homologous?
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Pedigree 2
Pedigree 1
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9. For Pedigree 1 Answer the following Questions:
a. How many generations are shown ? o
b. How many male children did couple A-B have ?
c. What is the relationship between I and K ? (^--H-K^
d. Is this a dominant or recessive trait ? t>« a*."< A«A't~"
e. What must be the genotype for B ?
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10. For Pedigree 2 Answer the following questions:
a. How many male children did couple A-B have ? ± i u
b. What is the relationship between I and C ? (Itpt^ceX PjCtK^
c. Is this a dominant or recessive trait ? (Izjl-^to W~£—
d. What must be the genotype for A ?
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11. If a male with red/green color blindness marries a woman who is heterozygous for normal vision, what are their
chances of producing a son who is color blind? What are their chances of producing a daughter who is color blind?
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12 What is the difference between polygenic inheritance and multiple alleles?
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13. How is polygenic inheritance different from epistasis?
14. If a man and woman have 5 boys, what are the chances their next child will be a boy? S^<-°
15. Which of the bar graphs shown below represents what the phenotypic frequencies might be for polygenic inheritance?
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d. SI
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16. a. Describe what blood type is. b. What is the difference between the 4 different blood types both
geneticalWand phenotypically? c. Which blood types can give to the others? /
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17. A homozygous A man has a baby with a woman with 0 blood. They have a baby whose blood type is also
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possible?
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18. Red/Green color blindness is a sex linked trait. If a male with red/green color blindness marries a woman who is
heterozygous for normal vision, what are their chances of producing a son who is color blind? What are their chances of
producing a daughter who is color blind?
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19. a. Describe the process of gel electrophoresis, b. Draw a sample Gel and describe what each part
represents, c. Describe when we would use gel electrophoresis in the world.
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20. What are some ways Restriction enzymes are being used/
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21. What is the relationship between cholera and blood type? (From excerpt)
24. a. How does Gene Therapy work? b. What disorders are being helped because of this? (from excerpt)
25. a. How closely related are two humans from, each other? b. What are the areas in our genome that are
different
called?
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26. Why is it improbable that we will be able to change the genes of a human give that person more athletic
abilities or a greater intelligence?, f -,/> / ,
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27.
Describe^PCRFOcess.
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28. Describe how genes such as the APOE (the gene associated with Alzheimer's) gene are multifactorial,
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29. A grass species' height is controlled by 3 genes. The base height of the grass is 2 inches. Each dominant
gene adds 1 inch. How tall would a plant be that is heterozygous for all three genes?
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30. Discuss the pros and cons of the various genetic technological advances we have made.