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Spinal Cord Medical Neuroscience Dr. Wiegand Directions dorsal dorsal rostral rostral ventral ventral caudal caudal Terms rostral - toward the “beak” caudal - toward the “tail” | ventral - toward the front (anterior) | dorsal - toward the back (posterior) | superior - above | inferior - below | | 1 Spinal Cord | Central gray nuclei and outer white matter (tracts) Descending Descending Cellbodies bodies Cell tracts tracts Ascending Ascending tracts tracts Peripheral Peripheral nerve nerve fibers fibers Peripheral and Central Nervous System PNS PNS sensory sensory motor motor Lesions CNS CNS Spinal nerves & cord | | | | 31 pairs with anterior and posterior root C1 often doesn’t have posterior root Spinal cord enlarged in C5 – T1 and L2 – S3 levels Spinal cord ends at L1 vertebral level 2 Dermatomes & Myotomes | | Dermatome – an area of skin innervated by a single posterior root Myotome – a group of muscles innervated by a single anterior root C4 Myotomes Myotomes T4 T10 L3 Dermatomes Dermatomes L5 3 Stretch Reflexes | Examples: C5-6 = biceps tendon z C6 = brachioradialis z C7-8 = triceps tendon z L2-4 = patellar tendon z S1-2 = Achilles tendon z External Spinal Cord Conusmedullaris medullaris Conus Filumterminale terminale Filum Caudaequina equina Cauda Duramater mater Dura External Structure – Spinal Cord PosteriorMedian MedianSulcus Sulcus Posterior Lateralsulci sulci Lateral Posterior Posterior Intermediate Intermediate Sulci Sulci AnteriorMedian MedianFissure Fissure Anterior 4 Internal Structure – White Matter Posterior Posterior Funiculi Funiculi Lateral Lateral Anterior Anterior White Matter Organization: Ascending Pathways f. gracilis tus nea f . cu Lateral& & Lateral Anterior Anterior Spinothalamic Spinothalamic Tracts Tracts Posterior PosteriorColumns Columns Posterior Posterior& & Anterior Anterior Spinocerebellar Spinocerebellar Tracts Tracts White Matter Organization: Descending Pathways Lateral Lateral Corticospinal Corticospinal Tract Tract Anterior Anterior Corticospinal Corticospinal Tract Tract Rubrospinal Rubrospinal Tract Tract Reticulospinal Reticulospinal Tracts Tracts Vestibulospinal Vestibulospinal Tracts Tracts 5 White Matter Organization: Intersegmental Pathways Lissauer’s Lissauer’s Tract Tract Intersegmental Intersegmental Tracts Tracts White Matter Organization: Ascending Pathways Posterior PosteriorColumns Columns LTA Lateral& & Lateral Anterior Anterior Spinothalamic Spinothalamic Tracts Tracts N L N 6 White Matter Organization: Descending Pathways Legs T A Neck Grey Matter Organization Posterior Posterior MotorGroups Groups Motor Intermediate Intermediate Anterior Anterior Lateral Lateral Medial Medial Grey Matter Organization: Anterior Cell Columns 7 Grey Matter Organization: Lateral Grey Horns: T1 – L2/3 AKA AKA Intermediolateral Intermediolateral CellColumn Column Cell Grey Matter Organization: Posterior Cell Column Dorsomarginalnucleus nucleus Dorsomarginal Substantiagelatinosa gelatinosa Substantia Nucleusproprius proprius Nucleus Nucleusdorsalis dorsalis Nucleus (Clarke’scolumn) column) (Clarke’s From FromPritchard Pritchard& & Alloway: Alloway:Fig. Fig.3-7 3-7 8 http://lansing.bellarmine.edu/ pt/atlas/cover.html Rexed Lamina Dorsomarginaln. n. Dorsomarginal Substantiagelatinosa gelatinosa Substantia Nucleusproprius proprius Nucleus Nucleusdorsalis dorsalis Nucleus (Clarke’scolumn) column) (Clarke’s Motornuclei nuclei Motor Brown-Sequard Syndrome 9 10
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