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RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
Q.1. (A) Complete the following statements by choosing appropriate
alternatives from those given in the brackets :
*1. Karl Marx was a ................ Philosopher.
(Russian, German, Polish)
*2. Karl Marx and ................... published the famous pamphlet ‘The
Communist Manifesto’.
(Pushkin, Fredrick Engels, Maxim Gorky)
*3. In February 1917, a workers’ strike started in ...................
(Leningrad, Petrograd, Moscow)
4. Russia was ruled by ................ dynasty for over three centuries.
(Romanov, Bourbon, Hanoverian)
5. The provisional Government in Russia was led by ................
(Kerensky, Lenin, Trotsky)
6. Lenin’s policies are collectively termed as ................
(War Communism, NEP, Collective farming)
7. Tsar Nicholas II abdicated the throne on ................
(15th March 1917, 27th November 1917, 7th November 1917)
8. The ................ experiment failed in Russia
(Monarchial, militaristic, Democratic)
9. A number of workers led by Father Gapen tried to March to the royal
palace in ................
(Moscow, Petrograd, St. Petersberg)
10. The ................ Duma was the longest Duma in Russia.
(first, second, third)
11. The ................ clamoured for more land in Russia.
(workers, farmers, soldiers)
12. Russia was defeated by small Asian country ................
(Japan, Myanmar, Malaya)
13. Leaders like ................ were exiled by Russian government.
(Lenin, Trotsky, Kerensky)
14. Lenin with the help of ................ and others like minded leaders began
to reorganize the Soviets’ activities.
(Trotsky, Tolstoy, Gorky)
15. A group of thinkers in Russia called .............. stood for absolute
individualism.
(Nihilists, extremists, revolutionaries)
16. ................ was a novel feature of first Five Year Plan of Stalin.
(Industrialistion, collective farming, capitalism)
17. The concept of ................ also has gained currency all over the world.
(Welfare state, Industrialisation, Capitalism)
18. The philosophy of ................ found its first concrete shape in the Russian
Revolution of 1917.
(democracy, communism, capitalism)
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(B)
Match the following :
*I
1.
2.
3.
4.
‘A’ Group
Nihilists
Dostoyevsky
Father Gapen
Kerensky
HISTORY
‘B’
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Group
Menshevik leader.
Stood for absolute individualism.
Bolshevik leader.
Writer and thinker.
March to the royal Palace in
St.Petersberg.
Group
headed provisional government
was exiled from Russia
Man of action
Communist Manifesto
Ans.
(1 - b), (2 - d), (3 - e), (4 - a)
II
1.
2.
3.
4.
Ans.
‘A’ Group
Lenin
Stalin
Kerensky
Karl Marx
(1 - b), ( 2 - c), (3 - a), (4 - d)
‘B’
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
‘A’ Group
Rasputin
Nicholas II
Trotsky
Stalin
‘B’
(a)
(b)
(c)
III
1.
2.
3.
4.
Group
Romanov dynasty
Imposter
Helped Lenin to organise Soviets’
activities
(d) Collective farming
Ans. (1 - b), ( 2 - a), (3 - c), (4 - d)
IV
1.
2.
3.
4.
‘A’ Group
Trotsky
Leo Tolstoy
Father Gapon
Kerensky
‘B’
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Group
Menshevik leader
Bolshevik leader
Writer and thinker
March to the royal palace at
St. Petersberg
Ans. (1 - b), ( 2 - c), (3 - d), (4 - a)
Q.2 Answer each of the following questions in 20 to 25 words.
(March ’09)
*1. Explain the principle of the communist philosophy.
Ans. 1) Karl Marx along with Fredrick Engels published the famous pamphlet
‘The Communist Manifesto’ in 1848.
2) The communist philosophy was opposed to inequality and exploitation.
It assumes that, at a given time there are two classes in the society
‘the haves’ and ‘the have-nots’.
3) The former class monopolises all means of production, while the members
of the latter class have none at all. This latter class mainly consists of
workers and peasants. Karl Marx calls them as ‘the Proletariate.’
4) The struggle between these two classes ultimately leads to the capture
of power by the Proletariate.
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HISTORY
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*2. Whom did Karl Marx call as the proletariate? Why?
Ans. 1) Karl Marx along with Fredrick Engels published the famous pamphlet
‘The Communist Manifesto’ in 1848.
2) The communist Philosophy was opposed to inequality and exploitation.
It assumes that, at a given time there are two classes in the society
‘the haves’ and ‘the have-nots’.
3) The former class monopolises all means of production, while the
members of the latter class have none at all. This latter class mainly
consists of workers and peasants. Karl Marx calls them as ‘the
Proletariate.’
4) The struggle between these two classes ultimately leads to the capture
of power by the Proletariate.
*3. Why did the Nihilists flee from the country?
Ans. 1) A group of thinkers in Russia called the ‘Nihilists’ stood for absolute
individualism.
2) All social institutions such as government, religion, marriage, ethics
etc. were the targets of Nihilist criticism.
3) They naturally incurred the wrath of the authorities.
4) So many of the Nihilist either fled the country or began to work secretly.
*4. Why did the rule of Tsar prove autocratic?
Ans. 1) The emperors or the ‘Tsars’ as they were called in Russia, were
autocratic.
2) They generally followed an imperialist policy.
3) The Tsars from time to time, naturally depended on their nobels and
the militia, for supporting their imperialistic objectives.
4) Being despotic in nature, the Tsars were always averse to encourage
liberal ideas. Popular demand for freedom of expression and for a
share in the state administration was promptly put down.
*5. Which thinkers were responsible for the awakening in Russia?
Ans. 1) The thinkers responsible for awakening in Russia were Dostoyevsky,
Leo Tolstoy, Pushkin, Maxim Gorky and Lenin.
2) These intellectuals became the strong critics of all kinds of restrictions
imposed on the people by the Tsar.
3) Their writings were marked by liberalism and humanism.
4) These very ideals invited the displeasure of the Tsarist regine.
*6. Why did Nihilists become strong critics of the society in Russia?
Ans. 1) The Russian Emperors or Tsar were autocratic in nature.
2) Popular demand for freedom of expression and a share in state
administration was promptly put down.
3) These reactionary policies of the Tsarist regime led to feeling of
bitterness in society.
4) As the Nihilists stood for absolute individualism they became strong
critics of society in Russia.
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Q.3
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HISTORY
Give reasons for the following statement in 20 to 25 words each.
The Russian Revolution presents a struggle between the Russian
monarch and the worker and the peasants.
Ans. The Russian Revolution presents a struggle between the Russian monarch
and the workers and the peasants.
1) The autocratic Tsars generally followed an imperialist policy and
were averse to encourage liberal ideas. Popular demands for freedom
of expression and for a share in the state administration was promptly
put down.
2) Agriculture was backbone of the Russian economy which was in bad
shape. The peasants clamoured for more lands, but the Tsar neglected.
3) The industrial workers in Russia suffered from evils such as inadequate
wages, long hours of work, insecurity and low standards of living.
4) This simmering discontent led to a worker’s strike in Petrograd in
February 1917 and established a popular government of representatives
of workers and peasants in November 1917.
*1.
*2. Leaders like Lenin were exiled by the Russian government. (Sept. ’10)
Ans. 1) Leaders like Lenin criticised the reactionary policies of the Tsarist
regime.
2) Their writings were marked by liberalism and humanism.
3) These very ideals invited the displeasure of the Tsarist regime.
4) As the Tsarist regime was intolerant to criticism, leaders like Lenin
were exiled.
*3.
Workers unions came together to form the ‘Russian Social Democratic
Labour Party’.
Ans. 1) Industrial workers in Russia suffered from evils such as inadequate
wages, long hours of work, insecurity and low standards of living.
2) The organised efforts of the workers to get their conditions improved
always met with opposition by the Tsarist regime.
3) Worker’s union therefore worked secretly.
4) Such unions came together to form the Russian Social Democratic
Labour party in 1898.
*4. The democratic experiment in Russia failed.
Ans. 1) A persistant demand for a democratic administration finally led to
formation of Duma (Russian parliament).
2) The opening session of the first Duma was held on 10th of May 1906.
The first Duma lasted hardly for 2 months and nothing significant
came out of it.
3) The second Duma also met a similar fate.
4) The third and longest Duma (1907-1914) too could not achieve anything
substantial. So the democratic experiment in Russia failed.
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HISTORY
Q.4
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Answer each of the following questions in 30 to 40 words.
(March ’10)
*1. Why is 22nd January 1905 known the Bloody Sunday?
Ans. 1) A number of workers led by Father Gapon tried to march to the royal
palace in St.Petersberg on 22nd January, 1905.
2) They wanted to place their grievances before emperor.
3) However, the Tsar’s soldiers attacked them.
4) There was a bloodshed.
5) This event took place on Sunday the 22nd January, 1905. So it is
known as the Bloody Sunday.
6) Similar disturbances became common feature throughout the country.
*2. Why did Bolsheviks declare that the provisional government led by
Kerensky had been overthrown?
Ans. 1) Kerensky’s government was not acceptable to Russian masses.
2) Russian workers formed their own Soviets’ and started agitation
against the new government.
3) The Bolshevik leader, Lenin returned from his exile in Switzerland
and used the opportunity.
4) He began to reorganize the Soviets’ activities with the help of like
minded leaders like Trotsky.
5) A struggle ensued between the two factions of the socialists viz.
Mensheviks (moderates) under Kerensky and Bolsheviks (extremists)
under Lenin.
6) On 7th November, 1917, Lenin declared that provisional government
led by Kerensky had been overthrown.
*3. Write a short note about the programme of Bolsheviks.
Ans. 1) The programme of the Bolsheviks was as follows :a) To end the war and make immediate peace.
b) Confiscation of landed estates and giving power to the Soviets
2) The Bolsheviks overthrew Kerensky’s provisional government.
3) Lenin gave a Slogan “Bread for breadless, land for landless and peace
for all”.
4) The Bolshevik government signed an armistice with Germany.
5) The work of national reconstruction was taken up in right earnest.
*4. How did the rise of Stalin take place in Russian Revolution?
Ans. 1) Lenin died in January 1924. Joseph Stalin was Lenin’s early follower.
2) He became the supreme leader of the communist party.
3) He was a man of action rather than a theorist.
4) He realised that the prospects of world communism were fading so
he tried to perpetuate socialism at least in one country (i.e in Russia)
with great determination and ruthlessness.
5) Collective farming was a novel feature of his first Five Year Plan.
6) He used coercive method and millions of peasants were forced into
Collective farming.
In this way Stalin rose to power and strengthened Russia at the cost of
liberty of the people.
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HISTORY
Q.5
Answer each of the following questions in 80 to 100 words.
*1.
Ans
(Sept. ’09)
Give the causes of Russian Revolution.
The communist philosophy of Karl Marx found its concrete shape in the
Russian Revolution of 1917. It was a struggle between the Russian emperor
(Tsar) and his supporters on one side and the poor Russian workers and
peasants on the other.
Following were the main causes of Russian Revolution :
(1) The Despotic rule in Russia :
i) Russia was ruled by the Romanov dynasty for over three centuries.
ii) The Emperor or the ‘Tsars’ as they were called in Russia, were
autocratic and followed an imperialist policy.
iii) Being despotic in nature the Tsars were averse to encourage
liberal ideas.
iv) Popular demand for freedom of expression and for a share in the
state administration was promptly put down.
(2) The Rasputin factor :
i) Tsar Nicholas II was inefficient. The Tsarina (queen) had full
control on him.
ii) Tsarina was under the spell of Rasputin, an impostor and a corrupt
man.
iii) All important appointments were subject to his approval which
created anarchy in administration.
(3) Nihilists and other intellectuals :
i) A group of thinkers called ‘Nihilists’ in Russia stood for absolute
individualism. All social institutions such as government, religion,
marriage ethics etc. were the targets of the Nihilist criticism.
ii) Thinkers like Dostoyevsky, Leo Tolstoy, Pushkin and Maxim Gorky
upheld liberalism and humanism in their writings.
(4) The condition of workers and other social classes :
i) Agriculture was the backbone of Russian economy but was in a
bad shape. The peasants clamoured for more land.
ii) Industrial workers suffered from evils such as inadequate wages,
long hours of work, insecurity and low standard of living.
iii) Russian soldiers were unhappy due to unsatisfactory working
conditions and corruption in military.
iv) The Jews, the Poles, the Finns and other minority communities
in Russia were agitated with the Tsarist regime.
(5) Military setbacks :
i) Russia was defeated by a small Asian nation Japan in the RussoJapanese war of 1904.
ii) This defeat was considered as a national insult by the Russians.
iii) Defeat of Russian armies on the eastern front during the first
Wolrd War also proved to be significant from the point of view of
the Russian Revolution.
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HISTORY
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(6) The Bloody Sunday :
i) A number of workers led by Father Gapen tried to march to the
royal palace in St.Petersberg.
ii) They wanted to place their grievances before the emperor (Tsar).
iii) However the Tsar’s soldiers attacked them and there was a
bloodshed.
iv) This event took place on Sunday, the 22nd January, 1905.
Thus increasing discontent among the Russian masses against the age
old dynasty led to outbreak of a historical revolution in Russia.
*2. Give an account of the first and the second phase of Russian Revolution.
Ans. The Russian Revolution was a struggle between the Russian emperor
(Tsar) and his supporters on one side and the poor peasants and workers
on the other. With the failure of democratic experiment in Russia began
the historical Revolution.
(1) First phase of Revolution :
i) The worker’s strike in Petrograd was supported by the Tsarist
soldiers.
ii) This was a clear warning to the Tsar to give up resistance.
iii) He abdicated the throne on 15 th March 1917. This led to the
formation of a provisional government headed by Menshevik leader
Kerensky. This government comprised of land owners, capitalists,
manufacturing and professional classes.
iv) Kersensky’s government continued war against Germany and
suffered heavy defeat.
v) The Russian masses found Kerensky’s government unacceptable.
Workers formed their own ‘Soviets’ on the model of Petrograd and
started agitation against the new government.
(2) Second phase of Revolution :
i) In April 1917 the Bolshevik leader Lenin made his way from exile
in Switzerland to Russia. Lenin’s return was facilitated by the
co-operation of the Germans so as to promote confusion and
disorder in Russia.
ii) Lenin, with the help of Trotsky and the other like minded leaders
began to reorganize the activities of the Soviets on his arrival in Russia.
iii) This led to struggle between the Menshevik (moderates) led by
Kerensky and the Bolsheviks (communist) or the extremists led
by Lenin.
iv) The Bolsheviks declared, on 7th November1917, that the
provisional government led by Kerensky had been overthrown.
v) The Bolshevik government then signed an armistice with Germany
and took up the work of national reconstruction.
Thus the Russian revolution was significant.
*3. What was the contribution of the Mensheviks and Bolsheviks to the
Russian revolution?
Ans The Mensheviks (moderates) and the Bolsheviks (extremists) both played
on important role in Russian revolution of 1917.
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*4.
Ans
EDUCARE LTD.
HISTORY
(1) Contribution of Mensheviks :
i) Tsar Nicholas II abdicated the throne on 15th March 1917 and a
provisional government of the moderates under the leadership of
Kerensky was formed.
ii) This government consisted of landowners, capitalists,
manufacturing and professional classes.
iii) This government continued the war against Germany but heavily
suffered at the hands of the enemy
iv) The Menshevik government was unacceptable to the common
people of Russia
v) Workers all over the country formed their own ‘Soviets’ on the model
of Petrograd and started agitation against the new government.
(2) Contribution of the Bolsheviks :
i) The Bolshevik leader Lenin returned from exile in Switzerland to
Russia in 1917.
ii) He began to reorganize the activities of the Soviets with the help
of Trotsky and other like minded leaders.
iii) The Bolsheviks overthrew the unpopular Kerensky’s government
on 7th November, 1917.
iv) The programme of the Bolsheviks was to end war, confiscation of
landed estates and giving power to the Soviets.
v) Lenin gave a Slogan, “Bread for breadless, land for landless and
peace for all”.
vi) The Bolshevik government signed an armistice with Germany.
The work of national reconstruction was taken up in right earnest.
Thus the contribution of Bolshevik was greater as compared to that of the
Mensheviks.
What was the contribution of Lenin to Russian Revolution? (Sept. ’08)
Lenin, the Bolshevik leader contributed greatly to Russian revolution.
1) On his return from exile, he began to reorganize the activities of the
Soviets with the help of Trotsky and other like minded leaders.
2) With the support of Trotsky and like minded people he overthrew
Kerensky’s government in 1917.
3) He signed an armistice with Germany
4) He gave a slogan, a “Bread for breadless, land for landless and peace
for all”
5) He strove hard to raise the standard of living, to bring prosperity and
to establish social equality in Russia.
6) His government nationalised all means of production in order to
quicken the pace of industrialization.
7) He introduced ‘War Communism’ which had features like state control
over Labour, state distribution of goods and moving away from money
economy.
8) Later on, he launched the New Economic Policy (NEP) which was a
partial return to market and monetary economy. It was a temporary
compromise between capitalism and communism
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HISTORY
*5.
Ans
EDUCARE LTD.
Thus, Lenin dominated the second phase of Russian revolution. His death
in January 1924 paved the way for Stalin to become the Supreme leader
of the communist Party.
What was the significance of the Russian Revolution? (March ’08)
The Russian revolution was significant on many counts.
(1) Model of communist revolution :
i) The philosophy of Karl Marx found its concrete form in Russian
Revolution.
ii) It was the first communist revolution.
iii) It was responsible for the improvement of the conditions of workers
all over the world.
(2) Aims of the revolution :
i) The Russian revolution aimed at raising the standard of living,
bringing about prosperity and establishing social equality.
ii) Lenin strove hard to bring these ideals into reality.
(3) Birth of new concepts :
i) The concept of planned economic development is the gift of Russian
revolution. It proved to be a blessing for many countries who
became free from colonial power.
ii) The concept of welfare state gained popularity all over the world.
iii) Emancipation of man from all kinds of bondage is the most
important message of the Russian revolution.
Thus, the Russian revolution influenced many countries of the world.
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S.S.C.
Marks : 20
CHAPTER 6 : RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
SET - A
HISTORY
Duration : 1 hr.
Q.1. Complete the following statement by choosing appropriate
2
alternatives from those given in the brackets :
1.
In February 1917, a workers, strike started in ................. .
(Leningrad, Petrograd, Moscow)
2.
The ................. experiment failed in Russia.
(Monarchial, militaristic, Democratic)
Q.2. Match the following :
'A' Group
3
'B' Group
1.
Lenin
(a)
headed provisionalgovernment
2.
Stalin
(b)
was exiled from Russia
3.
Kerensky
(c)
Man of action
(d)
Communist Manifesto
Q.3. Answer each of the following questions in 20 to 25 words : (Any 2)
1.
Explain the principle of the communist philosophy?
2.
Why did the Nihilists flee from the country?
3.
Why did the rule of Tsar prove autocratic?
Q.4. Give reasons for the following statements in 20 to 30 words :
(Any 2)
1.
The Russian Revolution presents a struggle between the Russian
monarch and the workers and the peasants.
2.
Workers unions came together to form the Russian Social Democratic
Labour Party.
3.
The democratic experiment in Russia failed.
4
4
Q.5. Answer each of the following questions in 30 to 40 words: (Any 1)
1.
3
Why did Bolsheviks declare that the provisional government led by
Kerensky had been overthrown?
2.
Write a short note about the programme of Bolsheviks.
Q.6. Answer each of the following questions in 80 to 100 words : (Any 1)
1.
Give the causes of Russian Revolution.
2.
Give an account of the first and the second phase of Russian Revolution.
Best Of Luck 
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S.S.C.
Marks : 20
CHAPTER 6 : RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
SET - B
HISTORY
Duration : 1 hr.
Q.1. Complete the following statement by choosing appropriate
2
alternatives from those given in the brackets :
1.
Russia was ruled by ................. dynasty for over three centuries.
(Romanov, Bourbon, Hanoverian)
2.
Russia was defeated by small Asian country ................. .
(Malaya, Myanmar, Japan)
Q.2. Match the following :
'A' Group
3
'B' Group
1.
Nihilists
(a)
Stood for absolute individualism
2.
Dostoyevsky
(b)
Bolshevik leader
3.
Father Gapen
(c)
Writer and thinker
(d)
March to the royal Palace in St.Petersburg
Q.3. Answer each of the following questions in 20 to 25 words : (Any 2)
1.
Why did Nihilists became strong critics of the Society of Russia?
2.
Who were proletariate? Who and why were they called so?
3.
Explain the Rasputin factor?
Q.4. Give reasons for the following statements in 20 to 30 words :
(Any 2)
1.
Duma failed in Russia.
2.
Soldiers & farmers were not happy in Russia.
3.
Military setbacks were a major cause of the Russian Revolution.
4
4
Q.5. Answer each of the following questions in 30 to 40 words: (Any 1)
1.
Write Lenin's contribution to Russia.
2.
How did the people suffer under despotic rule of Czar?
Q.6. Answer each of the following questions in 80 to 100 words : (Any 1)
1.
What was the contribution of the Mensheviks and Bolsheviks to the
Russian Revolution?
2.
What was Stalin's contribution to Russia?
Best Of Luck 
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