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Proto-oncogenes: Genes that control cell division
Oncogenes: Mutated proto-oncogenes
Stimulates cell division
even when growth
Growth factors present
factors absent
Fig 5.14
Control of Cell Division
Fig 5.12
1
Tumor suppressor: Genes that stop tumor growth
Fig 5.14
Proto-oncogene Æ functional protein
Tumor suppressor gene Æ
functional protein Æ repairs
damaged DNA
Normal, regulated cell division
Fig 5.15
2
Oncogene Æ non-functional
protein Æ Cell division with no
growth factor
Unregulated cell division
= benign tumor
Fig 5.15
Oncogene
Mutated tumor suppressor
Æ No DNA repair
Moral of the story: Cell has back-ups.
Cancer requires multiple mutations to override all
back-ups.
Unregulated cell division and
unrepaired DNA
= malignant tumor
Fig 5.15
3
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