Download Developed in Consultation with Florida Educators

Coach is the leader in standards-based, state-customized instruction for grades K–12 in English
language arts, mathematics, science, and social studies. Our student texts deliver everything you
need to meet your state standards and prepare your class for grade-level success!
Coach lessons have just what you’re looking for:
✔ Easy-to-follow, predictable lesson plans
✔ Focused instruction
✔ Two Laboratory Investigations
PLUS Chapter Reviews that target assessed
content and skills
Florida Coach, Gold Edition, Standards-Based Instruction, Science, Grade 6
Standards-Based Curriculum Support!
Used by more students in the U.S. than any other state-customized series, Coach books are
proven effective. Triumph Learning has been a trusted name in educational publishing for more than
40 years, and we continue to work with teachers and administrators to keep our books up to date—
improving test scores and maximizing student learning.
Please visit our Web site for detailed product descriptions of all our instructional materials, including
sample pages and more.
www.triumphlearning.com
Phone: (800) 221-9372 • Fax: (866) 805-5723 • E-mail: [email protected]
196FL_Sci_G6_SE_Cvr.indd 1
196FL
This book is printed on paper containing
a minimum of 10% post-consumer waste.
Developed in Consultation
with Florida Educators
7/15/10 5:37 PM
Table of Contents
Next Generation Sunshine State Standards Correlation Chart . . . 7
Benchmarks
Chapter 1
Lesson 1
The Practice of Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Scientific Investigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
SC.6.N.1.1,SC.6.N.1.3,
SC.6.N.1.5
Lesson 2
Designing and Conducting an Experiment . . . . . . . . . 16
SC.6.N.1.1,SC.6.N.1.2,
SC.6.N.1.4
Lesson 3
Organizing and Analyzing Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Lesson 4
Scientific Knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
SC.6.N.1.1
SC.6.N.2.1,SC.6.N.2.2,
SC.6.N.2.3
Lesson 5
Scientific Theories and Laws. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
SC.6.N.3.1,SC.6.N.3.2,
SC.6.N.3.3
Lesson 6
Using Models in Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
SC.6.N.3.4
Chapter 1 Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Chapter 2
Lesson 7
Earth’s Structures and Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Weathering, Erosion, and Deposition . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
SC.6.E.6.1
Lesson 8
Florida’s Landforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
SC.6.E.6.2
Lesson 9
Heat Transfer through Earth’s System . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
SC.6.E.7.1, SC.6.E.7.4
Lesson 10
The Water Cycle, Weather, and Climate . . . . . . . . . . . 63
SC.6.E.7.2,SC.6.E.7.4,
SC.6.E.7.5, SC.6.E.7.6
Measuring Weather Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
SC.6.E.7.3
Lesson 12
Winds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
SC.6.E.7.3, SC.6.E.7.4, SC.6.E.7.5
Lesson 13
Ocean Currents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
SC.6.E.7.3, SC.6.E.7.4
Lesson 14
Earth’s Atmosphere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
SC.6.E.7.8, SC.6.E.7.9
Lesson 15
Natural Disasters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
SC.6.E.7.7, SC.6.E.7.8
Chapter 2 Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Chapter 3
Lesson 16
Energy, Forces, and Motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Potential and Kinetic Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
SC.6.P.11.1
Lesson 17
Measuring and Graphing Speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
SC.6.P.12.1
Lesson 18
Forces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
SC.6.P.13.1
Lesson 19
Gravity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
SC.6.P.13.1, SC.6.P.13.2
Lesson 20
How Forces Change Motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
SC.6.P.13.3
Chapter 3 Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Duplicating any part of this book is prohibited by law.
Lesson 11
4
196FL_Sci_G6_SE.pdf.indd 4
7/7/2010 3:42:37 PM
Benchmarks
Chapter 4
Lesson 21
Living Things . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Cell Theory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
SC.6.L.14.2, SC.6.L.14.3
Lesson 22
Comparing Plant and Animal Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
SC.6.L.14.4
Lesson 23
The Organization of Living Things . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
SC.6.L.14.1
Lesson 24
Human Body Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
SC.6.L.14.5
Lesson 25
Organisms That Infect the Human Body . . . . . . . . . . 148
SC.6.L.14.6
Lesson 26
Classifying Living Things . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
SC.6.L.15.1
Chapter 4 Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
Investigations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Investigation 1 Modeling the Water Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Investigation 2 Examining Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Duplicating any part of this book is prohibited by law.
5
196FL_Sci_G6_SE.pdf.indd 5
7/7/2010 3:42:37 PM
Chapter 2 • Lesson 8
Standard: SC.6.E.6.2
Florida’s Landforms
Key Words • landform • coastline • wetland
Getting the Idea
You have probably learned about Florida’s manatees, palm trees, and beaches. But
you may not know that Florida has a variety of different landforms. In this lesson, you
will learn about some of the landforms that can be found in your state.
Landform Regions
Remember that a landform is a feature of Earth’s surface. Florida is a peninsula,
a long area of land area almost surrounded by water. Florida may not have glaciers
or mountains, but it does have many other landforms. Florida can be divided into
four main landform regions: the coastal plains, the uplands, the Everglades, and the
Florida Keys.
Western
Uplands
Apalachicola
River
ns
Central
Uplands
Plai
Gulf of
Mexico
Lake
Okeechobee
gla
ver
eE
Big Cypress
Swamp
N
s
de
60 mi
60 km
S
Cape
Canaveral
Th
Duplicating any part of this book is prohibited by law.
Plains
Florida
St. Johns
River
al
ast
Co
l
Coasta
Apalachee
Bay
Suwannee
River
Florida Bay
Florida Keys
55
196FL_Sci_G6_SE.pdf.indd 55
7/7/2010 3:43:14 PM
The Coastal Plains
A wide, flat area of land is called a plain. One type of plain is a coastal plain, which is found
along a coastline. A coastline, or shoreline, is the place where land meets a large body of
water such as an ocean.
A low area of land called the Atlantic Coastal Plain stretches all along the east coast of the
United States, from Massachusetts to Florida. This landform region covers the entire eastern
part of Florida. The Gulf Coastal Plain is on the west side of the Florida Peninsula, next to the
Gulf of Mexico. A gulf is a large part of an ocean partly surrounded by land. Florida’s coastal
plains are low and level.
There are no glaciers in Florida, but glaciers have helped shape Florida’s coastal plains.
Thousands of years ago, much of Earth’s water was frozen in glaciers. The water level along
Florida’s coastline was more than 100 meters lower than it is today. The glaciers melted and
froze many times. Each time the glaciers melted, the water rose and spread over the land.
This flooding of the coastal plains changed the land. The land was smoothed by erosion and
deposition caused by the moving water.
Once the glaciers melted, the water stopped rising. Moving ocean water, wind, and rivers
picked up and deposited sand along the coast. This created the coastline of Florida with its
many beaches. Wind deposition has formed dunes along Florida’s shores.
Some other features along the shoreline include bays, capes, and islands. A bay is part of an
ocean or lake that is partly surrounded by land. A cape is a section of land that extends out
into a large body of water. There are several capes along Florida’s coastal plains, including
Cape Canaveral.
Ocean waves can drop sediment near the shoreline to form islands. A barrier island is a long,
narrow island along the coast. Barrier islands form when waves drop sand and it piles up,
rising above the ocean surface. These islands act like a shield between the coast and the
ocean. They protect the land behind them from erosion by storm waves.
The uplands region of Florida is an area of rolling hills. Shorter than a mountain, a hill is a
high, rounded area of land. Uplands are found in northern Florida and extend south through
the middle the Florida peninsula. The hills started out as a raised land area that was formed
by movements of Earth’s surface millions of years ago. Erosion by water and wind cut
channels into the raised area, leaving hills and valleys.
There are no mountains in Florida. The highest
point in the state is Britton Hill, in the Florida
panhandle. It is only 105 meters (345 feet) above
sea level.
Duplicating any part of this book is prohibited by law.
The Uplands
56 • Chapter 2: Earth’s Structures and Systems
196FL_Sci_G6_SE.pdf.indd 56
7/7/2010 3:43:15 PM
Lesson 8: Florida’s Landforms
Once the channels formed, rivers began to form. Many of Florida’s rivers begin in the hills
and flow across the coastal plains. Some, like the Suwannee River and the Apalachicola
River, begin in other states and flow into the Gulf of Mexico. The Apalachicola River forms
a delta where it meets the Gulf of Mexico. Other rivers, such as the St. Johns River, begin
in the middle of the state and flow to the Atlantic Ocean. The St. Johns River flows so slowly
that it spreads over a wide area of land in many places. As these rivers flow, they cause both
erosion and deposition along the way.
There are many lakes throughout Florida, especially in the uplands. Lake Okeechobee is the
largest lake in Florida.
The Everglades
The Everglades is a unique and very wet landform region. It contains many wetlands.
A wetland is a low area of land that is covered with shallow water for all or part of the year.
Wetlands are home to a variety of plants and animals. Wetlands cover much of southern
Florida and include the Everglades National Park and Big Cypress Swamp. A swamp is a
warm wetland in which trees grow. The Everglades contains thousands of tiny islands. Here
the water flows very slowly and can be fresh, salty, or both.
The Keys
The Florida Keys are a chain of about 1,700 small islands off the southern tip of Florida.
These islands were once living coral. As the glaciers grew and the ocean level dropped,
the coral died. Over time, the remains of the coral formed the islands.
Discussion Question
Which landform region do you live in? What types of landforms are in your area?
Lesson Review
Duplicating any part of this book is prohibited by law.
1.
The Florida keys are
A. dunes.
B. rivers.
C. swamps.
D. islands.
57
196FL_Sci_G6_SE.pdf.indd 57
7/7/2010 3:43:15 PM
2.
Which landform region in Florida is made up of rolling hills?
A. the Everglades
B. the coastal plains
C. the uplands
D. the Keys
3.
Which would you not expect to find in a swamp?
A. water
B. dunes
C. plants
D. islands
4.
Which best describes a plain?
A. an area of land surrounded by water
B. a high, rolling area of land
C. a place where land meets an ocean
Duplicating any part of this book is prohibited by law.
D. a wide, flat area of land
58 • Chapter 2: Earth’s Structures and Systems
196FL_Sci_G6_SE.pdf.indd 58
7/7/2010 3:43:16 PM