Download Volcanoes - Kativik School Board

Name: ______________________
Date: _______________________
Very
Vicious
Volcano
Varieties
Asthenosphere
Brittle
Cinder
Continental Plate
Convection
Conveyer belt
Crust
Elevation
Eruption
Lava
Lithosphere
Magma
Mantle
Molten
Oceanic Plate
Phenomenon
Shield
Slip Zone
Tectonic plates
Vent
Volcano
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TEACHER DIRECTED NOTES
Volcanoes
Now that you know the different ways that the tectonic plates
interact with each other, we will look at how this movement can
cause another natural phenomenon to happen: Volcanoes. But first,
we will look at the parts of a volcano and then study the different
types of volcanoes that exist.
Parts of a Volcano
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
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The Parts Explained:
within the ________ part of the Earth’s __________
that contains __________, ___________ and dissolved
__________.
2. The ________________ is the slow moving melted
________. ________ will burn and bury everything in its
path. It usually moves quite _________.
3. The ___________________ are the particles that are
violently expelled in the _____. Sometimes this ash is
small, _________ or even _________ in size and
whatever goes up must come _________.
4. The _____________ is the opening of the volcano from
where ________ of the lava is given off.
5. _______________ are the simplest types of volcanoes
that are formed when some of the _______ hardens and
accumulates next to the main volcano. This accumulation
forms _________.
6. During a volcanic eruption, ________ gets to the surface
through the __________________.
7. __________________
are
formed
by
volcanic
_____________ and contain ____________ particles.
8. The _____________ is an opening in the surface of the
Earth. From here, __________ and _____________
come out and when they do, they often are extremely
________.
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TEACHER DIRECTED NOTES
1. The ________________ contains the molten ________
Types of Volcanoes
TEACHER DIRECTED NOTES
Composite Volcanoes
These volcanoes grow _____ and _______ as the magma that flows
out after eruptions solidifies on the surface. Often these volcanoes
seem _______ as they are so quiet between eruptions. However,
once they do erupt they are usually ________ and _________.
Shield Volcanoes
Although Shield Volcanoes are also formed by the solidification of
the lava that flows on the surface they are _______ in height. This
is because the eruptions are _______ and ___________ but
relatively steady and the lava is more runny.
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Cinder cones are built from lava fragments called _______. The lava
fragments are ejected from a single ______ and accumulate around
the _____ when they fall back to earth. Cinder cones are among the
most common volcanic landforms found in the world. They aren't
famous as their eruptions usually don't cause any loss of life.
Complex Volcanoes
A complex volcano is one that
has several ___________
__________ or more than 2
vents and can have a series of
different types of volcanoes
next to each other.
Did You Know?
The word “volcano” comes from
Vulcan. In Roman mythology,
Vulcan was the god of fire and
metalworking. He is also said to
be the god of blacksmiths.
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TEACHER DIRECTED NOTES
Cinder and Spatter Cone Volcanoes
THE SITUATION…
THE SITUATION
Now that you know about the different types of volcanoes, you will
discover how the magma makes its way to the surface of the Earth
and the consequences of this on the lithosphere.
Let’s Talk about
CONVECTION!
You will be given 2 procedures to follow. You can make changes
if you think the procedure can be improved upon. Remember to
record any changes you make.
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
I observe.

I develop a research question.

I define the variables.

I experiment.

I collect the data.

I analyze my results and present them.
I Observe:
We now know that the surface of the Earth is formed of tectonic
plates. These plates are hard and brittle and sit on top of liquid rock.
Together they make up the asthenosphere. Miners have known that
the temperature of the Earth increases as one goes deeper into the
Earth. The asthenosphere’s temperature is so high that the rock it is
made of is soft and moving. It is this movement that makes the plates
move a few centimeters every year.
When volcanoes erupt, magma is expelled. Once
the magma hits the surface of the Earth it is
called lava. Lava is both molten and solidified
rock. If volcanoes are constantly erupting, then
the amount of lava accumulating on the Earth
should be quite remarkable; however, the amount
of “Crust” seems to remain constant which means
that as some “Crust” is created by volcanoes, somewhere on the Earth
some of the existing “Crust” is disappearing or changing form.
Suggest ways that heat causes movement.
How do you think the liquid rock under the Earth’s crust
moves?
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EXPERIMENT
Experimental Method
I develop a research question:
Experiment 1:
“How does water behave when it is heated?”
EXPERIMENT
“How does a substance floating on the surface of
water behave as water is heated?”
“How does this help you explain the movements of the
liquid rock below the surface of the Earth?”
Experiment 2:
“How can we simulate the formation of new crust by
building a model of a volcano?”
“How does this simulation show what happens to the
existing crust when the new crust is created?
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I define the variables:
Experiment 1:
You will be using a variety of different materials for this experiment.
Although they are basic household materials, they are meant to
simulate natural substances. Once you read the full experiment,
complete this section. What do you think each material represents?
What it Represents
Water
Coffee Grounds
Sawdust
Hot Plate
Experiment 2:
You will be using a variety of different materials for this experiment.
Although they are basic household materials, they are meant to
simulate natural substances. Once you read the full experiment,
complete this section. What do you think each material represents?
Material and Equipment
What it Represents
Water
Red Wax
Sand or Gravel
Hot Plate
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EXPERIMENT
Material and Equipment
I Experiment
EXPERIMENT
Procedure:
Here is the proposed procedure for this
experiment. If you change the procedure, make
sure you note your changes.
Experiment 1:
1. Collect the
equipment listed above.
2. Place the ground coffee beans at the
bottom of the beaker.
3. Fill the beaker with about 200ml of water.
4. Sprinkle the sawdust into the beaker containing water.
5. Place the filled beaker on the hot plate.
6. Turn the hot plate on high.
7. Remember to put on your safety glasses.
8. Observe what happens as the water in the beaker is heated.
NOTE: Stop before the water reaches the boiling point.
9. Record your observations in the result section of the booklet.
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I Experiment:
Experiment 2:
1. Collect the beaker with the hardened melted wax at the bottom.
NOTE: Your teacher will have prepared this beforehand.
2. Add about a 0.5 cm layer of the sand or gravel on top of the
hardened melted wax.
3. Gently add about 150ml of water on top of the melted wax and
sand or gravel.
4. Allow the sand or gravel to settle again before you continue with
the experiment.
5. Place the filled beaker on the hot plate and turn
the hot plate on high.
6. Remember to wear your safety goggles.
7. Closely watch what is happening.
8. NOTE: Be patient and wait as once the reaction is ready to
happen, it happens in a second. If you are not watching closely,
you will miss the reaction.
9. Record all your observations in the result section of the booklet.
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EXPERIMENT
Procedure:
Here is the proposed procedure for this experiment. If you
change the procedure, make sure you note your changes.
RESULTS (I collect my data)
Experiment 1: An Endless Conveyor Belt
EXPERIMENT
Observations:
Draw a diagram showing what you observed during the experiment.
Use ARROWS to show the movement of the water and make sure you
label the parts of your experiment.
Diagram
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RESULTS (I collect my data)
Experiment 2: Brand-New Rock
Draw a Diagram of what your experiment looked like BEFORE the
reaction took place and draw another diagram of what your
experiment looked like AFTER your reaction took place. Label
your diagram and include arrows to show movement where
necessary.
BEFORE
AFTER
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EXPERIMENT
Observations:
I analyze my results and present them.
Experiment 1: An Endless Conveyor Belt
ANALYSIS
1. How did the sawdust move as the water was heated?
2. How do these movements help you explain the movement of
the tectonic plates that sit on top of the liquid mantle?
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Experiment 1: An Endless Conveyor Belt
Experiment 2: Brand-New Rock
1. Where did the red wax go when the reaction took place?
2. When the solid red wax reacted, what happened to the
sand or gravel that was sitting on top of it?
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ANALYSIS
3. Where does the monumental force that causes the plates
to move come from?
Experiment 2: Brand-New Rock
ANALYSIS
3. How does this simulation explain what happens when new
crust is created?
4. How does this simulation explain what happens when old crust
moves away?
ANALYSIS
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Linking it all Together…
Listen carefully because you are then going to
answer a question linking everything together.
Use the space below to take notes as you watch the video clip.
Notes:
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MAKING CONNECTIONS
You are now going to watch a short video clip that
explains exactly what you have just seen in these
two experiments.
MAKING CONNECTIONS
Linking it all Together…
You are now very knowledgeable about how volcanoes affect the
overall quantity of “Crust” on the surface of the Earth. Look at the
diagram below and explain what is happening. Use the letters to guide
you.
A
B
C
D
E
F
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2. Experiment 2: Brand-New Rock: If you were to repeat this
experiment would you change the procedure? Explain why or why
not: e.g. use a stop watch….
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REFLECTION ACTIVITY
1. Experiment 1: An Endless Conveyor Belt: If you were to
repeat this experiment would you change the procedure? Explain
why or why not: e.g. change testing materials….
Review Questions
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. How does the collision between plates create a volcano?
2. Explain how two plates moving apart can also result in a
volcano?
3. What is the difference between magma and lava?
4. Answer the final questions using the Smart Board.
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