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BIO 312 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM RESPIRATORY SYSTEM ‣ Conducting Portion: ‣ Provides conduit through which air can travel to and from the lungs ‣ Conditions inspired air ‣ ‣ Respiratory Portion: Gas Exchange (alveoli) ‣ Examples: ‣ Respiratory Bronchioles ‣ Alveolar Ducts ‣ Alveolar Sacs CONDUCTING PORTION - RESPIRATORY EPITHELIUM ‣ Cell Types: ‣ Ciliated Pseudostratified Columnar ‣ ‣ Most common cell type ‣ Each cell has approx. 300 cilia Goblet cells ‣ Produce mucous CONDUCTING PORTION - NASAL CAVITY ‣ When Air Enters the Nasal Cavity, it is… ‣ Cleaned ‣ Warmed ‣ Moistened Superior Nasal Concha Mid Nasal Concha Inferior Nasal Concha CONDUCTING PORTION - REGIONS OF THE PHARYNX ‣ Pharynx: 1690’s Greek origin (genitive pharyngos) meaning throat Nasal Cavity Oropharynx Laryngopharynx Nasopharynx CONDUCTING PORTION - LARYNX ‣ Larynx: 1570’s Greek origin (genitive laryngos) meaning windpipe Anterior Posterior CONDUCTING PORTION - LARYNX ‣ Larynx: 1570’s Greek origin (genitive laryngos) meaning windpipe Epiglottis Anterior Posterior CONDUCTING PORTION - LARYNX ‣ Larynx: 1570’s Greek origin (genitive laryngos) meaning windpipe Epiglottis Hyoid Bone Anterior Posterior CONDUCTING PORTION - LARYNX ‣ Larynx: 1570’s Greek origin (genitive laryngos) meaning windpipe Epiglottis Hyoid Bone Thyrohyoid Membrane Anterior Posterior CONDUCTING PORTION - LARYNX ‣ Larynx: 1570’s Greek origin (genitive laryngos) meaning windpipe Epiglottis Hyoid Bone Thyrohyoid Membrane Thyroid Cartilage Anterior Posterior CONDUCTING PORTION - LARYNX ‣ Larynx: 1570’s Greek origin (genitive laryngos) meaning windpipe Epiglottis Hyoid Bone Thyrohyoid Membrane Thyroid Cartilage Thyroid Anterior Posterior CONDUCTING PORTION - LARYNX ‣ Larynx: 1570’s Greek origin (genitive laryngos) meaning windpipe Epiglottis Hyoid Bone Thyrohyoid Membrane Thyroid Cartilage Thyroid Cricoid Cartilage Anterior Posterior CONDUCTING PORTION - LARYNX ‣ Larynx: 1570’s Greek origin (genitive laryngos) meaning windpipe Epiglottis Hyoid Bone Thyrohyoid Membrane Thyroid Cartilage Thyroid Cricoid Cartilage Tracheal Cartilage Anterior Posterior CONDUCTING PORTION - LARYNX ‣ Larynx: 1570’s Greek origin (genitive laryngos) meaning windpipe Epiglottis Hyoid Bone Thyrohyoid Membrane Thyroid Cartilage Thyroid Cricoid Cartilage Tracheal Cartilage Anterior Posterior CONDUCTING PORTION - LARYNX ‣ Larynx: 1570’s Greek origin (genitive laryngos) meaning windpipe Anterior CONDUCTING PORTION - LARYNX ‣ Larynx: 1570’s Greek origin (genitive laryngos) meaning windpipe ‣ Epiglottis - Elastic Cartilage ‣ Thyroid, Tracheal, and Cricoid Cartilage - Hyaline Cartilage Anterior CONDUCTING PORTION - EPIGLOTTIS ‣ Epiglottis: Greek. Meaning on or near the tongue CONDUCTING PORTION - EPIGLOTTIS ‣ Epiglottis: Greek. Meaning on or near the tongue CONDUCTING PORTION - LARYNX ‣ Larynx: 1570’s Greek origin (genitive laryngos) meaning upper windpipe Vestibular Folds - False Vocal Cords Respiratory Epithelium Cross Section Vocal Cords - True Vocal Cords Stratified Squamous Epithelium Bundles of skeletal muscle regulate tension CONDUCTING PORTION - TRACHEA ‣ Lined with Respiratory Epithelium ‣ The trachea is protected by tracheal (hyaline) cartilage CONDUCTING PORTION - BRONCHI ‣ Bronchi: 1730s Greek origin (bronkhos) meaning windpipe Right Lung - 3 lobes Left Lung - 2 lobes CONDUCTING PORTION - BRONCHI ‣ Bronchi: 1730s Greek origin (bronkhos) meaning windpipe Trachea Right Lung - 3 lobes Left Lung - 2 lobes CONDUCTING PORTION - BRONCHI ‣ Bronchi: 1730s Greek origin (bronkhos) meaning windpipe Trachea Primary Bronchi Right Lung - 3 lobes Primary Bronchi Left Lung - 2 lobes CONDUCTING PORTION - BRONCHI ‣ Bronchi: 1730s Greek origin (bronkhos) meaning windpipe Trachea Primary Bronchi Secondary Bronchi x 3 Right Lung - 3 lobes Primary Bronchi Secondary Bronchi x 2 Left Lung - 2 lobes CONDUCTING PORTION - BRONCHI ‣ Bronchi: 1730s Greek origin (bronkhos) meaning windpipe Trachea Primary Bronchi Secondary Bronchi x 3 Tertiary Bronchi Branch off of Secondary Right Lung - 3 lobes Primary Bronchi Secondary Bronchi x 2 Tertiary Bronchi Branch off of Secondary Left Lung - 2 lobes CONDUCTING PORTION - HILUM ‣ Hilum: Point of entry in the lungs for pulmonary arteries & veins, lymphatic vessels, and primary bronchi. Trachea Primary Bronchi Secondary Bronchi x 3 Tertiary Bronchi Branch off of Secondary Right Lung - 3 lobes Primary Bronchi Secondary Bronchi x 2 Tertiary Bronchi Branch off of Secondary Left Lung - 2 lobes CONDUCTING PORTION - HILUM ‣ Hilum: Point of entry in the lungs for pulmonary arteries & veins, lymphatic vessels, and primary bronchi. Hilum Right Lung - 3 lobes Left Lung - 2 lobes CONDUCTING PORTION ⇨ RESPIRATORY PORTION ‣ Terminal Bronchioles: Last segment of the conducting portion. No alveoli. ‣ Respiratory Bronchioles: Bronchioles with alveoli (the site of gas exchange). Terminal Bronchiole Respiratory Bronchiole RESPIRATORY PORTION - ALVEOLAR DUCT ‣ Alveolar Duct: Pathway by which arteries and veins travel to capillary beds for gas exchange. Alveolar Duct RESPIRATORY PORTION - ALVEOLAR DUCT ‣ Lined with Simple Squamous Alveolar Cells ‣ Smooth muscle cell act as sphincters to control airflow ‣ ‣ Eventually disappear at distal end of duct Elastic and Reticular fibers provide support RESPIRATORY PORTION - ALVEOLAR SAC ‣ Alveolar Sac: Actual site of gas exchange (richest site of oxygenated blood in the body). They give lungs their spongy structure. Monocyte Reticular Fiber Elastic Fiber Alveolar Sac O2 Diffusion of Gases Alveolar Macrophage Dust Cell CO2 RESPIRATORY PORTION - ALVEOLAR SAC Alveolar Sac
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