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Chapter 36 - The Cold War Begins 1945-1952 1. Explain the causes and consequences of the post–World War II economic boom. 2. Describe the large postwar migrations to the Sunbelt and the suburbs. 3. Explain changes in American society and culture brought about by the baby boom. 4. Explain the origin and causes of the emerging conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union after Germany’s defeat and Truman’s accession to the presidency. 5. Describe the early U.S.-Soviet Cold War conflicts over Germany and Eastern Europe, and explain why the United Nations proved largely ineffectual in addressing them. 6. Discuss the American theory and practice of containment, as reflected in the Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan, and NATO. 7. Describe the concern about Soviet spying and communist subversion within the United States and the increasing climate of fear it engendered. 8. Describe the expansion of the Cold War to East Asia, including the Chinese communist revolution and the Korean War. a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) i) j) Harry S. Truman George F. Kennan Douglas MacArthur Dean Acheson Joseph McCarthy Julius and Ethel Rosenberg Reinhold Niebuhr J. Robert Oppenheimer Henry Wallace Thomas Dewey k) l) m) Adlai Stevenson Dwight Eisenhower Richard M. Nixon 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Yalta Conference Cold War U.N. Security Council Nuremberg trials iron curtain Berlin airlift “containment doctrine” Truman Doctrine Marshall Plan National Security Act white flight North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) 13. Taft-Hartley Act 14. House Committee on UnAmerican Activities (HUAC) 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. McCarran Act Atomic Energy Commission Dixiecrats Fair Deal hydrogen bomb NSC-68 thirty-eighth parallel Chapter 37 - The Eisenhower Era 1952–1960 1. Describe the changes in the American consumer economy in the 1950s and their relationship to the rise of popular mass culture. 2. Describe the Republicans’ return to power under Eisenhower and the rise and decline of McCarthyism. 3. Trace the emergence of the civil rights movement in the 1950s and its initial impact on American race relations and the nation’s image abroad. 4. Describe the practice of Eisenhower Republicanism in the 1950s, including domestic consequences of the Cold War. 5. Outline the Eisenhower-Dulles approach to the Cold War and the nuclear arms race with the Soviet Union. 6. Indicate how Eisenhower’s foreign policy was implemented in Vietnam, the Middle East, and Cuba. 7. Describe the issues and outcome of the tight Kennedy-Nixon presidential campaign of 1960. 8. Summarize the major changes in American culture in the 1950s, including the rise of Jewish, southern, and African American writers and playwrights. a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) i) j) Betty Friedan Billy Graham Dwight Eisenhower Joseph McCarthy Martin Luther King Jr. Richard Nixon Ho Chi Minh No Dinh Diem Nikita Khrushchev Fidel Castro k) l) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. John F. Kennedy Ralph Ellison “cult of domesticity” McCarthyism Sit-ins “massive retaliation” “spirit of Camp David” rocket (Sputnik) fever” The Feminine Mystique 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. “televangelists” checkers speech army McCarthy hearings Brown vs. Board of Education Montgomery bus boycott Dien Bien Phu Suez crisis Eisenhower Doctrine Landrum-Griffith Act 17. U-2 incident 18. Sputnik 19. National Defense Education Act 20. St. Lawrence seaway 21. Twenty-second amendment Chapter 38 - The Stormy Sixties 1960–1968 1. Describe the high expectations stirred by Kennedy’s New Frontier and his limited success in achieving his domestic objectives. 2. Analyze the theory of Kennedy’s doctrine of flexible response to communist challenges around the world and its dangerous application in Vietnam. 3. Describe Johnson’s succession to the presidency in 1963, his electoral landslide over Goldwater in 1964, and his Great Society successes of 1965. 4. Discuss the course of the black movement of the 1960s, from civil rights to Black Power. 5. Outline the steps by which Johnson led the United States deeper into the Vietnam quagmire. 6. Explain how the Vietnam War brought turmoil to American society and eventually drove Johnson and the divided Democrats from power in 1968. 7. Describe the youthful cultural rebellions of the 1960s in the United States and around the world, and indicate which of their features quickly faded and which endured. a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) i) j) John F. Kennedy Robert F. Kennedy Robert S. McNamara Walt Whitman Rostow Martin Luther King, Jr. Lyndon B. Johnson Michael Harrington Barry Goldwater Malcolm X Stokely Carmichael k) l) m) n) o) J. William Fulbright Eugene McCarthy Hubert H. Humphrey Richard M. Nixon George Wallace 1. 2. 3. 4. Flexible response modernization theory credibility gap new frontier 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. peace corps Bay of Pigs Cuban missile crisis Alliance for progress Freedom rides March on Washington War on Poverty Great Society Gulf of Tonkin Resolution Civil Rights Act of 1964 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. Voting Rights Act of 1965 “black power” Six-Day war Operation Rolling Thunder “hawks” and “doves” Tet offense “Beat” poets Free Speech Movement Students for a Democratic Society Chapter 39 - The Stalemated Seventies 1968–1980 1. Describe Nixon’s foreign policy in relation to Vietnam, the Soviet Union, and Communist China. 2. Analyze Nixon’s domestic policies, his opposition to the “Warren Court,” his southern strategy, and his landslide victory against George McGovern in 1972. 3. Examine the political and economic tensions created by the secret bombing of Cambodia, the American withdrawal from Vietnam, and the first Arab oil embargo. 4. Discuss the Watergate scandals, Nixon’s resignation, and Ford’s unelected presidency. 5. Explain the closely intertwined economic, energy, and Middle East crises of the 1970s and why both Republican and Democratic administrations were unable to address them successfully. 6. Describe the racial tensions of the 1970s, especially over school busing and affirmative action. 7. Discuss the rise of second-wave feminism in the United States and elsewhere, and the conservative resistance to it that blocked the Equal Rights Amendment. 8. Indicate how Jimmy Carter’s outsider presidency fell into political disarray, culminating in the Iranian hostage crisis humiliation. a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) i) j) k) l) Richard Nixon Spiro Agnew Henry Kissinger Warren Burger Rachel Carson George McGovern Thomas Eagleton John Dean III Gerald Ford Phyllis Schlafley Jimmy Carter Thurgood Marshall m) n) Mohammed Reza Pahlevi (Shah of Iran) Leonid Brezhnev 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Détente impoundment revenue sharing executive privilege vietnamization Nixon Doctrine My Lai massacre Cambodian incursion Kent State Killings 10. Anti-Ballistic Missiles (ABM) 11. Philadelphia plan 12. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 13. Occupational Health and Safety Administration 14. Clean Air Act 15. War Powers Act 16. energy crisis 17. OPEC 18. Watergate scandal 19. CREEP 20. twenty-fifth amendment 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. Saturday night massacre Helsinki Accords Title IX Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) Roe v. Wade Bakke case wounded knee National Organization for Women (NOW) Camp David agreement SALT II treaty Iranian hostage crisis Chapter 40 - The Resurgence of Conservatism 1980–1992 1. Describe the rise of Reagan and the New Right in the 1980s, including their effective use of social issues like abortion, affirmative action, and homosexuality. 2. Explain the Reagan revolution in economic policy, and indicate its immediate and long-term consequences. 3. Describe the revival of the Cold War in Reagan’s first term and the consequences of Reagan’s tough stands toward the Soviet Union. 4. Discuss the growing American entanglement in Central American and Middle Eastern troubles in the 1980s, including the Iran-Contra Affair. 5. Describe the change in Soviet policies initiated by Mikhail Gorbachev and Reagan’s second-term turn to negotiation with the Soviets. 6. Analyze the growing power of the religious right in American politics and the battles over abortion and other issues before the Supreme Court. 7. Describe the end of the Cold War and its complex consequences for America’s foreign relations and domestic economy. 8. Explain America’s growing involvement in the Middle East, including the First Persian Gulf War and its aftermath. a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) i) j) k) l) Jimmy Carter Edward Kennedy Ronald Reagan Norman Podhoretz Irving Kristol Walter Mondale Mikhail Gorbachev Geraldine Ferraro Corazon Aquino Sandra Day O’Connor Jerry Falwell Jesse Jackson m) n) o) p) q) r) s) t) Robert Bork Michael Dukakis George Herbert Walker Bush Boris Yeltsin Saddam Hussein Norman Schwartzkopf Clarence Thomas Anita Hill 1. 2. 3. “supply-side” economics Perestroika Glasnost 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. new religious right identity politics rainbow coalition ethnic cleansing “ABC” movement Chappaquiddick Reaganomics yuppies strategic defense initiative (“star wars”) 13. contras 14. Sandinistas 15. Intermediate-Range Nuclear Force (INF) 16. Iran-Contra Affair 17. Planned Parenthood v. Casey 18. Roe v. Wade 19. Operation Desert Storm 40. Americans With Disabilities Act 41. “gender gap” Chapter 41 - America Confronts the Post–Cold War Era 1992–2009 1. Describe the major domestic developments of the Clinton administration, including Clinton’s attempts to govern as a New Democrat and the fierce partisan warfare against him conducted by Gingrich Republicans. 2. Discuss the causes and consequences of the violence that plagued American society in the 1990s. 3. Discuss America’s challenges in developing a foreign policy in the post–Cold War environment, including the U.S. intervention in the Balkans and the continuing failure to achieve peace in the Middle East. 4. Describe the disputed 2000 election between Albert Gore, Jr. and George W. Bush, and indicate how and why American politics remained sharply polarized the first decade of the twenty-first century. 5. Discuss the impact of the September 11 terrorist attacks on American society and global involvements, including the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. 6. Describe President George Bush’s domestic and foreign policies, and explain why they met increasing opposition after Bush’s victory in the 2004 election. 7. Indicate how both Democrats and Republicans attempted to respond to the concerns about the economy and the Iraq War, and identify each nominated presidential candidate strongly advocating change from the Bush administration. a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) i) j) k) l) m) n) o) p) William Clinton George H.W. Bush J. Danforth Quayle H. Ross Perot Ruth Bader Ginsburg Carol Mosely-Braun Donna Shalala Henry Cisneros Ron Brown Janet Reno Hillary Rodham Clinton Newt Gingrich Robert Dole John McCain Madeleine Albright Monica Lewinsky q) r) s) t) u) v) w) x) y) z) aa) bb) cc) Kenneth Starr William Rehnquist Ralph Nader Al Gore George W. Bush Richard Cheney James Jeffords Osama bin Laden Colin Powell Saddam Hussein John Ashcroft Arnold Schwarzenegger John Kerry 1. 2. “culture wars” “unfunded mandates” 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. globalization “ethnic cleansing” “red” and “blue” states “a-symmetrical warfare” “axis of evil” New Democrats Brady Bill Branch Davidians Columbine High School Welfare Reform Bill Contract with America Hopwood v. Texas World Trade Organization (WTO) 16. Kosovo 17. Whitewater 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. September 11, 2001 World Trade Center Al Qaeda Taliban USA-Patriot Act Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) Enron and Worldcom Gratz v. Bollinger Grutter v. Bollinger UNMOVIC International Atomic Energy Agency Kyoto Treaty Chapter 42 - The American People Face a New Century 1. Describe the changing shape of the American economy and work force and the new social and ethical challenges facing the United States in a global economy dominated by high technology and scientific innovation. 2. Explain the impact of the feminist revolution on women’s roles and on American society as a whole. 3. Analyze the changing structure and character of American families, and explain the social consequences of the aging of America. 4. Describe the impact of the great wave of immigration from Asia and Latin America since the 1970s and the challenge it posed to the traditional ideals of the melting pot. 5. Describe the difficulties and challenges facing American cities, including the increasing split between central cities and outer suburbs. 6. Describe the changing condition of African Americans in American politics and society, including the impact of economic differences within the African American community. 7. Describe the impact of the information technology revolution on American economics, communications, and culture. 8. Discuss the major developments in American thought, culture, and the arts since the 1970s. a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) i) j) Jonas Salk Cesar Chavez Douglas Wilder O. J. Simpson Condoleezza Rice Randolph Bourne Norman MacLean Toni Morrison Maxine Hong Kingston Frank McCourt k) l) m) n) o) Sandra Cisneros Jackson Pollock David Mamet Frank Lloyd Wright Eero Saarinen 1. 2. 3. 4. “dot.com” businesses “outsourcing” stem cell research Big Science 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. research universities gender gap multiculturalism abstract expressionism Pop Art postmodernism Microsoft Corporation Human Genome Project National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) 14. Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 15. United Farm Workers Organizing Committee 16. Cinco de mayo 17. National Endowment for the Arts