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Mechanism of Hormone Action Mechanism of Hormone Action Receptor Structure Mechanism of Hormone Action Protein Hormones (cAMP second messenger) LH G Receptor Plasma Membrane Adenylate Cyclase R C S-ER Protein Kinase A (PKA) Steroid Synthesis Mitochondria Nucleus DNA Protein R-ER Synthesis Protein Mechanism of Hormone Action Mechanism of Hormone Action Protein Hormones (cAMP second messenger) LH G Receptor (Enzymes) Synthesis Protein Hormones (cAMP second messenger) LH Plasma Membrane G Receptor Adenylate Cyclase Plasma Membrane Adenylate Cyclase cAMP ATP cAMP S-ER cAMP R C ATP Protein Kinase A (PKA) Steroid Synthesis R cAMP Protein Kinase A (PKA) S-ER Steroid Synthesis Mitochondria C (+ PO 4) Mitochondria Histones Nucleus Protein R-ER Synthesis Protein (Enzymes) Synthesis Nucleus DNA Protein R-ER Synthesis Protein (Enzymes) Synthesis mRNA DNA Mechanism of Hormone Action Mechanism of Hormone Action Protein Hormones (cAMP second messenger) LH G Receptor Plasma Membrane Testosterone ATP Protein Kinase A (PKA) S-ER Steroid Synthesis (+ PO 4) Mitochondria Cholesterol Histones Nucleus Cholesterol DNA Protein Anterior Pituitary Hormones Protein Hormones (Ca2+ Second Messenger) Plasma Membrane » LH, FSH, Prolactin » STH, ACTH, TSH DNA mRNA (Enzymes) Synthesis GnRH Receptor cAMP Second Messenger Hormones Histones Nucleus Protein R-ER Synthesis mRNA (Enzymes) Synthesis C Pregnenolone Protein R-ER Synthesis • Protein Kinase A (PKA) S-ER (+ PO 4) Cholesterol Cholesterol R cAMP Steroid Synthesis C Mitochondria • cAMP Testosterone R cAMP Protein Plasma Membrane Adenylate Cyclase cAMP Pregnenolone G Receptor Adenylate Cyclase ATP Protein Hormones (cAMP second messenger) LH G-protein PIP2 Placental Hormones » HCG, eCG PLC Protein Kinase C R Ca2+ Secretory Granules Endoplasmic Reticulum Plasma Membrane Protein Hormones (Ca2+ Second Messenger) Protein Hormones (Ca2+ Second Messenger) GnRH G-protein Plasma Membrane PIP2 Receptor Plasma Membrane Receptor GnRH G-protein PLC DAG PLC Protein Kinase C R Ca2+ PIP2 Secretory Granules Endoplasmic Reticulum Plasma Membrane IP3 Ca2+ R Ca2+ Secretory Granules Endoplasmic Reticulum Plasma Membrane Protein Kinase C Protein Hormones (Ca2+ Second Messenger) Protein Hormones (Ca2+ Second Messenger) Ca2+ Ca2+ GnRH G-protein PIP2 Plasma Membrane DAG PLC IP3 Ca2+ Secretory Granules Endoplasmic Reticulum PIP2 G-protein DAG PLC Protein Kinase C Ca2+ R Receptor Plasma Membrane Receptor GnRH Protein Kinase C IP3 Ca2+ R Ca2+ Secretory Granules Endoplasmic Reticulum Fusion Plasma Membrane Plasma Membrane LH Steroid Hormone Action Calcium Second Messenger Hormones • GnRH • Oxytocin » triggers Steroid (estrogen) release of LH in anterior pituitary Cell Membrane • » triggers Diffusion? contractions of smooth muscle PGF2α » triggers apoptosis of cell » inhibition of progesterone Change in Cell Physiology Cytoplasm Nucleus synthesis New Protein Receptor R-ER mRNA DNA Protein synthesis Steroid Hormone Mechanism • • • Estradiol Testosterone, Dihydrotestosterone Cortisol Hypothalamus Feedback Loops Neuro-secretory Cells Releasing Hormones Polypeptides Portal Vein Anterior Pituitary Gonadotropins: FSH, LH Proteins Blood Stream Gonads Receptor on Cell Surface only effects on [ Why ] target organs Cyclic AMP inside cell Steroid Hormone Production Testosterone { Estradiol Progesterone Blood Stream Bound to Protein Endocrine Feedback Loops • Negative » gonadal steriods » Protein hormones – Testosterone, Progesterone, Estradiol – inhibin • Positive » Gonadal steroids – estradiol