Download Water Cycle

Water
Monroe
Water Cycle ~ the movement of H2O through the
hydrosphere
Evaporation ~ water liquid turns to gas
Transpiration ~ water is given off by plants
Evapotranspiration ~ Combination of the two
Runoff ~ water flowing down slope along the Earth’s
surface.
Water Conservation ~ about 90% of all water used in cities, is
turned back to the streams and rivers as wastewater.
Water Budget ~ inputs of water and outputs of water.
Inputs ~ precipitation
Outputs ~ evapotranspiration
Usually NOT balanced for a particular area, but must be
balanced for the Earth as a whole.
Desalinaiton ~ turning salt water into fresh water.
1. Evaporation and condensation
2. Reverse osmosis
3. Freezing
Tampa Bay Water Desalination Process
Stream Systems
Brooks and Creeks -> Streams
Streams --> Rivers
Rivers --> Watershed areas
Stream Load ~ All the materials that the water in a
stream carries.
Solution ~ Dissolved minerals.
Suspension ~ Particles held up by the moving water.
Bed load ~ Particles bounced along the bottom of the
stream.
Stream Load ~ All the materials that the water in a
stream carries.
Solution ~ Dissolved minerals.
a.
Usually salts, or salt forming ions.
b.
Counted in parts per million (ppm).
Stream Load ~ All the materials that the water in a
stream carries.
Suspension ~ Particles held up by the moving water.
Stream Load ~ All the materials that the water in a
stream carries.
Bed load ~ Particles bounced along the bottom of the
stream.
Stream Velocity and Carrying Capacity
Stream Velocity based on how fast water flows.
Carrying capacity is how much of a stream load a
stream can….carry.
Based largely on discharge.
m3/s = meters x meters x meters ÷ seconds
Factors that determine rates of water runoff
Rate of precipitation
Factors that determine rates of water runoff
Rate of precipitation
Uplift will cause rejuvination
Headwater Erosion
The change of water vapor into liquid water is called
a. Runoff
b. Evaporation
c. Desalination
d. Condensation
Vegetation gives off water vapor into the atmosphere through
a process called
a. Condensation
b. Rejuvenation
c. Saltation
d. Transpiration
In a water budget, the income is precipitation and the
expense is
a. Evaporation and runoff
b. Condensation and saltation
c. Erosion and conservation
d. Rejuvination and sedimentation
The process that turns sea water into fresh water is
a. Desalination
b. Transpiration
c. Conservation
d. Rejuvenation
The land from which water runs off into a stream are called its
a. Tributaries
b. Divides
c. Watersheds
d. Gullies
Tributaries branch out and lengthen as a river system
develops by
a. Headwater erosion
b. Condensation
c. Saltation
d. Runoff
The stream load that includes gravel and large rocks is the
a. Suspended load
b. Dissolved load
c. Runoff load
d. Bed load
When a young river depens its channel faster than it can cut
into its sides, the result is
a. A gradient
b. A “V”-shaped valley
c. A floodway
d. An oxbow lake
A stream whose gradient has been increased by movement of
the earth’s crust is said to be
a. Rejuvenated
b. Meandering
c. Eroded
d. Suspended
The triangular formation that occurs when a stream deposits
its sediments at the base of a steep slope is called
a. A delta
b. A meander
c. An oxbow lake
d. An alluvial fan
The part of a valley floor that may be covered during a flood
becomes the
a. Floodway
b. Groundwater
c. Floodplain
d. Artificial levee
One indirect method of flood control is
a. Soil conservation
b. Dams
c. Floodways
d. Artificial levees
Size of spaces between rocks has a lot to do with
permiability and porosity.
Porosity is how much water soil can hold. It has to
do with the size of the spaces between the particles
of rocks.
Permeability is how fast water will flow through soil.
Artificial levee,
did not work so
well in New
Orleans.
Alluvial fan
Any body of rock through which water can flow, and which can
store enough water for domestic and industrial use is called
a. Well
b. An aquifer
c. A sinkhole
d. An artesian formation
The total volume of the open spaces in a rock is called its
a. Viscosity
b. Permiability
c. Capillary fringe
d. Porosity
When all of the particles in a sediment are about the same size,
the sediment is said to be
a. Fractured
b. Well sorted
c. Permiable
d. Poorly sorted
The ease with which water can pass through a rock or sediment
is called
a. Permiability
b. Porosity
c. Corbonation
d. Velocity
The underground layer of rock where allof the open spaces are
filled with water is called the
a. Zone of areation
b. Cap rock
c. Water table
d. Zone of saturation
The upper surface of the zone of saturation is called the
a. Cap rock
b. Water table
c. Gradient
d. Travertine
The slope of the water table is its
a. Gradient
b. Permiability
c. Porosity
d. Aquifer
It takes a long time for polluted groundwater to become pure
again because
a. Groundwater can only be replaced artificially
b. Groundwater is replenished slowly
c. Groundwater travels very quickly
d. Groundwater can never be replaced
A natural flow of groundwater that has reached the surface is
a. A spring
b. An aquafer
c. A well
d. A travertine
Pumping water from a well causes a local lowering of the water
table known as a
a. Cone of depression
b. Horizontal fissure
c. Hot spring
d. Sinkhole
What is the difference between permiability and porosity?
Permiability is how fast water can run through it.
Porosity is how much water it can hold.