Download LOUIS A. BLOOMFIELD

LOUIS A. BLOOMFIELD
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Co nte nts I'---Chapter 1.
The Laws of Motion, Part I 運動定律，第一集
1
Experiment: Removing a Tablecloth from a Table 1
1.1 Skating 3 溜冰
(inertia,/orce, velocity, acceleration, mass,. Newtons first and second laws, inutial frames of
reference, units)
1.2
Falling Balls
, 3 墜落的球
(weight, projectile mOlion, vector components)
1.3
Ramps 22 斜坡
(net force, Newton's third law, energy. work, energy conservation, poumtia/ energy, ramps, mechanical advantage)
Chapter 2.
運動定律，第二集
The Laws of Motion, Part II
Experiment: A Spinning Pie Dish
2.1
Seesaws
40
40
蹺蹺板
42
(rotm;onal inertia, torque, angular velocity, angular acceleration. rotational mass, N~ton's
first and second laws ofrotation, center ofmus.1j, levers)
2.2 Wheels
54
輪
(friction, thermal energy. wheels, bearings, kinetic energy)
2.3
Bumper Cars
63 碰碰車
(momentum, impulse, momentum conservation, angular momentum, angular impulse, angular momentum cOflServatiofl, Newton'! third low ofrotation, potential energy and
acceleration)
Chapter 3.
Mechanical Objects, Part I 機械物體，第一集
Experiment: Swinging Water Overhead
3.1 Spring Scales 83 彈簧秤
81
s
(Equilibrium, stable equilibrium, Hooke law, oscillation, calibration, cenrer of gravity)
3.2
Bouncing Balls 90
反彈的球
(collisions, energy transfers, vibration, elastic and inelastic collisions)
3.3 Carousels and Roller Coasters
98 旋轉木馬與雲霄飛車
(feeling ofacceleration, uniform circular motion, centripetal acceleration)
Chapter 4.
機械物體，第二集
Mechanical Objects, Part II
Experiment: High Flying Balls 111
4.1 Bicycles 113
111
腳踏車
(umrable equilibrium, static and dynamic !tabiliry, prt'Cenion)
4.2
Rockets and Space Travel
121 火箭與太空旅行
(reaction forces, Newton s low of gravitation, elliptical orbits, Kepler's laws, !pecial and
general relativity, equivalence principle)
v
Contents
VI
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"'C"'ha"'p"'lee.r-"s"-._'-F"'IU"'id"'S'----流體
Experiment: A Cartesian Diver
氣球
5.1 Balloons 140
138
(pressure, density, temperature, Archimedes' principle, buoyollt force, ideal gas law)
5.2
Water Distribution
自來水配水
151
(hydrostatics, Pascals principle, hydraulics, hydrodynamics, steady stateftow, Bernoullis
equation)
Cha ler 6.
Fluids and Motion
流體與運動
Experiment: A Vortex Cannon
6.1
Garden Watering
165
167
花園灑水器
(viscolls forces, laminar and turbulent flows, speed and pressure in a fluid, Reynolds number,
chaos, momel1tum in a fluid)
6.2
球與空氣
Balls and Air 178
(aerodynamic lift and drag, viscous drag, pnssure drag, boundary layers, Magnus and wake
deflection !orcl!S)
6.3
Airplanes
186 飛機
(streamlining, lifting wing, angle ofattack, induced drag, stalled wing, thrust)
Cha ter 7.
Heat and Phase Transitions 熱與相變
Experiment: A Ruler Thermometer 203
7.1 Woodstoves 205
燒柴爐
(thermal energy, heat, temperature, chemical bonds and reactions, conduction, thermal
conductivity, convection, radiation, hear capacity)
7.2
Water, Steam, and Ice
215
水、蒸汽與冰
(phases ofmolter, phase transitions, melting, freezing, condensation, evaporation, relative humidity, latent heats ofmelting and evporation, sublimation, deposition, boiling, nucleation, superheating)
7.3 Incandescent Lightbulbs
224
電燈泡
(electromagnetic spectrum, fight, blackbody spectrum, emissivity, Stefan-Boltzmann law, thermal exparuion)
Cha ler 8.
Thermod namics 熱力學
Experiment: Making Fog in a Bottle 237
8.1 Air Conditioners 239
冷氣機
(laws of thermodynamics, temperature, heat, entropy, heat pumps and thermodynamic
efficiency)
8.2
Automobiles
249
汽車
(hear engines and thermodynamic efficiency)
Cha ler 9.
Resonance and Mechanical Waves
Experiment: A Singing Wineglass
9.1 Clocks 265
鐘
共振與機械波
263
(time and space, natural resonance, harmonic oscillators., simple harmonic motion,
frequency)
9.2
樂
器 air, and surfaces, higher-order modes, harmonic and non·
(sound, music. vibrations in strings,
Musicallnstruments
274
harmonic overtones, sympathetic vibration, standing and traveling waves, transverse and
Contents
VII
longitudinal waves, velocity, frequency, and wavelength in mechanical waves, superposiJion,
Doppler effect)
9.3
The Sea
海
286
(tidal forces, surface waves, dispersion, refraction, reflection, and interference in mechanical
waves)
Chapter 10.
Electricity
電
Experiment: Moving Water Without Touching It
10.1 Static Electricity 304 靜
302
(electric charge, electrostatic forces,
電 Coulombs law, electrostatic potential ellergy, voltage,
charging by contact, electric polarization, electrical conductors and insulators)
10.2
Xerographic Copiers
314 影印機
(electric fields and voltage gradients, relationships between shape and field, discharges, electric current, direction of current flow, charging by induction)
10.3
Flashlights
324
手電筒
(electric circuits, electrical resistance, voltage rises, voltage drops, relationship between current, voltage, and power, Ohm's law)
Chapter 11.
Magnetism and Electrodynamics 電磁學
Experiment: A Nail and Wire Electromagnet
11.1 Household Magnets 344 磁鐵
342
(magnetic pole, magnetostatic forces, Coulombs law for magnetism, magnetic fields,
ferromagnetism, magnetic polarization, magnetic domains, magnetic materials, magnetic
flux lines, relationship between currents and magnetic fields)
11.2
Electric Power Distribution
配電
355
(sufUrconductivity, direct and alternating currents, induction, transformers, magnetic field
energy, relationship between changing magnetic fields and electric fields, induced emf,
Lenz's law, electrical safety)
11.3
Electric Generators and Motors
369
發電機與馬達
(electromagnetic forces, energy, and work, Lorenz force)
Chapter 12.
Electronics 電子設備
Experiment: Building an Electronic Kit 388
12.1 Power Adapters 390 交直流轉換變壓器
(quantum physics, wave-particle duality, Pauli exclusion principle, band structure, Fermi
level, metals, insulators, and semiconductors, p-n junction, diodes, capacitors)
12.2 Audio Players
404
音訊播放器
(arwlog VI. digital representations, resistors, MOSFETs, logic elements, series and parallel
circuits, amplifiers)
Chapter 13.
Electromagnetic Waves 電磁波
Experiment: Boiling Water in an Ice Cup
13.1 Radio 423
收音機
421
(electric field enugy, relationship between changing electric fields and magnetic fields, tank
circuits, spud of light, wave polarization, amplitude modulation, frequency modulation,
bandwidth)
13.2
Microwave Ovens
432 微波爐
(spud, frequency, and wavelength in electromagnetic waves, polar and nonpolar molecules,
cyclotron motion)
Contents
VI!!
Cha ter 14.
Li ht
光
Experiment: Splitting the Colors of Sunlight 443
14.1 Sunlight 445 陽光
(Rayleigh scatlering, impedance, refraction, reffection, dis/Hrsion, and interference in
electromagnetic waves, index ofrefraction, polarized reflection)
14.2
Discharge Lamps 454 放電燈管
(color vision, primary colors of light and pigment, gas (lischarges, periodic chart, atomic
structure alld emissiOIl, radiative transitions, Planck's COllsfall1,fluorescence, radim;on trapping)
14.3
Lasers and LEOs
464 雷射與液晶顯示
(incoherent ami coherent light, spontaneolls and stimulated emission, population inversion,
laser amplification and oscillation, diffraction, laser safety)
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"C"'h"'a"'pt"'e"r_1-"S"'oC--'O"-p"'t"ic"'s'-光學
Experiment: Focusing Sunlight 476
15.1 Cameras 478 照相機
(refracting optics, converging lemes, real images,focus,focallenglhs,f-numben, Ihe lem
equation, diverging lenses, virtual images, light sensors, vision and vision correction)
489 光學燒錄與通訊
15.2 Optical Recording and Communication
«(liffraction limit, plane and circular polarization, 10101 imernal refleclion)
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現代物理
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Experiment: Radiation Damaged Paper 502
16.1 Nuclear Weapons 504
核子武器
(nuclear structure. isotopes, radioactivity, uncertainty principle, tunnding, half-life. alpha decaY,fission, chain reaction, fusion, Iransmutation ofdements, fallout)
16.2
Medical Imaging and Radiation
517
醫學照影與輻射
(X rays, gamma rays, X-ray fluorescence, Bremsstrahlung, photMlecrric effect, Compton
scattering, ~ta decay, anitimatter, accelerators, magnetic resonance)
A
endices
A Vectors 533
B Units, Conversion of Units
535
Glossary 537
Solutions to Selected Exercises and Problems
Index
555
550