Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download An Introduction to Reflexes - District 196 e
Document related concepts
no text concepts found
Transcript
An Introduction to Reflexes ! Name:____________________ !1.! What is a reflex? ! .! Where does a reflex arc begin? 2 ! ! Where does it end? 3.! Read the following statements. Place them in the order in which they would occur in ! ! a stretch reflex. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! a.! b.! ! c.! d.! ! Physician taps your patellar tendon with reflex hammer. Stimulation of the intrafusal muscle fibers leads to contraction of the stretched muscle which extends the knee in a brief kick. Motor neuron is activated and an action potential is propagated to the intrafusal muscle fibers. Distortion of muscle spindle receptors stimulate sensory neurons that extend into the spinal cord and synapse with a motor neuron. ! ! Sequence: ___ ___ ___ ___ ! .! Perform the above procedure several times with a partner to see if you can 4 ! ! stimulate the correct response. Test similar types suggested in textbook. ! ! How many neurons are involved? ! ! How many synapses are involved? ! ! Did you observe any response to the stimulus in the opposite leg? ! .! Using the above answers, how would you classify the above reflex arc? Note: there 5 ! ! are 2 ways to classify this reflex arc. !6.! Why is the stretch reflex important for the human body? ! .! Read the following statements. Place them in the order in which they would occur 7 ! ! in a withdrawal (flexor) reflex. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! a.! b.! ! c.! ! d.! ! e.! ! Reaching into the oven, you grab an HOT pizza pan. The stimulation produces a graded polarization of the sensory neuron which leads to the formation and propagation of an action potential. Release of neurotransmitters by the motor neuron at the neuromuscular junction results in the contraction of the skeletal muscle and it pulls your hand away. OUCH! Activation of the interneuron results in the stimulation of a motor neuron. At the same time the interneuron may relay the pain sensation to centers in the brain. The sensory neuron releases excitatory neurotransmitters at the postsynaptic membrane of the interneuron. Sequence: ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ An Introduction to Reflexes ! Name:____________________ ! .! How many neurons are involved in the above reflex arc example? 8 ! ! How many synapses are involved? ! ! Are any muscles stimulated of opposite limb(s)? ! .! Using the above answers, how would you classify the above reflex arc? Note: there 9 ! ! are 2 ways to classify this reflex arc. !10.!Describe the role of reciprocal inhibition in the flexor reflex? !12.!Study the diagram below on the crossed-extensor reflex. ! ! !How many neurons are involved? ! ! How many synapses are involved? ! ! How many sides of the body are stimulated? 1 ! 3.!Using the above answers, how would you classify the above reflex arc? Note: there ! ! are 2 ways to classify this reflex arc. ! 4.!Why do crossed-extensor reflexes accompany flexor reflexes in weight-bearing 1 ! ! limbs? An Introduction to Reflexes ! Name:____________________ ! 5.!Test the pupillary reflex as show by instructor. Make sure to test reflexes for both 1 ! ! the right and left eye and lit and unlit eye. ! ! ! ! What type of reflex arc is observed? ipslateral or contralateral? monosynaptic or ! ! polysynaptic? !16.!Why is the pupillary reflex test an useful diagnostic tool for doctors? ! 7.!Reflexes can be classified by development, the nature of response, the complexity 1 ! ! of the circuit, and the processing site. For each category below, Circle the type of ! ! reflex described. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Development: ! a.! Dropping a frying pan when grabbing its HOT handle. ! ! ! innate! acquired ! b.! Slamming on the automobile breaks to avoid rear-ending another car. ! ! ! innate! acquired Nature of response: ! a.! Flexion of the toe joints when sole of the foot is “tickled”. ! ! ! somatic! visceral ! d.! Retroperistalsis after eating spoiled food.! ! ! ! somatic! visceral Complexity of the circuit: ! a.! Ankle-jerk reflex. ! ! ! polysynaptic! monosynaptic ! b.! Withdrawing the hand after touching a sharp object. ! ! ! polysynaptic! monosynaptic Processing site: ! a.! Stretch reflex of muscles. ! ! ! spinal ! cranial ! b.! Dilation of the eyes from the flash of a camera. ! ! ! spinal ! cranial
