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WATER POLLUTION CLASS 8 ( AIR & WATER POLLUTION PART -2) Water Pollutants The substances that pollute water are called water pollutants. Eg:- sewage, toxic chemicals, silt, etc., Water Pollution Any change in the physical, chemical or biological characteristics of the water which makes unfit for use for any organism is called Water pollution. RIVER GANGA;- famous rivers of India sustains most of the northern, central and eastern Indian population. STUDY OF WWF ON RIVER GANGA World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) Ganga is one of the ten most endangered rivers in the world. The river is “dead” at many places. REASON ;- because the towns and cities, through which the river flows, throw large quantities of garbage, untreated sewage, dead bodies, and many other harmful things, directly into the river. Ganga Action Plan A plan to save the river launched in 1985. aimed to reduce the pollution levels in the river. .The Real Situation The Ganga at Kanpur in Uttar Pradesh (U.P.), 1. Ganga is most polluted 2. Kanpur is one of the most populated town 3. People do bathing, washing clothes and defecating in the rive 4. People throw garbage, flowers, idols of gods and goddesses and 5. non-biodegradable polythene bags into the river. the flow of the river is very slow. . 6. The industrial units (fertiliser, detergent, leather and paint industries) discharge toxic chemical wastes into the river. What are the factors responsible for pollution of the river ? 1. chemical contamination of water Many industries (oil refineries, paper factories, textile and sugar mills and chemical factories ) discharge harmful chemicals into rivers and streams, . 2. The chemicals released include arsenic, lead and fluorides which lead to toxicity in plants and animals. 3 Industries do not treat the waste water / the rules are not followed. 4 The soil is also affected by impure water, causing changes in acidity, growth of worms, etc. 5. Over use of Pesticides and Weedicides dissolve in water and are washed into water bodies from the fields. They seep into the ground to pollute ground water. 6. Algal Blooming is caused by excessive quantities of chemicals which get washed from the fields. These act as nutrients for algae to grow. Once these algae die, they serve as food for decomposers like bacteria. A lot of oxygen in the water body gets used up. This results in a decrease in the oxygen level which may kill aquatic organisms. 7. Throwing untreated wastage;- untreated sewage is thrown directly into rivers. It contains food wastes, detergents, microorganisms. Water contaminated with sewage may contain bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites which cause diseases like cholera, typhoid and jaundice. 8. Presence of bacteria ;-The bacteria present in the faeces of mammals are indicators of the quality of water. If water has these bacteria, it means that it has been contaminated by fecal matter. water from power plants and industries. It is released into the rivers. It raises the temperature of the waterbody, adversely affecting the animals and plants living in it. 9. Hot POTABLE WATER Water which is suitable for drinking is called potable water. Method of making water safe for drinking ;1. Filtering to remove impurities. ( using candle type filter) 2. Boiling kills the germs present in the water. 3. Chlorination by adding chlorine tablets or bleaching powder to the water to kill germs. (No overuse of chlorine tablets than specified) What is to be done to reduce water pollution. 1.strictly implement law to preent water pollution. .2. Make Water treatment in all industrial areas 4. save water and do not waste it. 4 Reduce, reuse and recycle should be followed.