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Civil War: Opposing Sides and Early Battles Class Notes (4-4) United States (Union) • Abraham Lincoln • President throughout the War • Insisted that Union must be held together • By force if necessary • Strategy • Anaconda Plan • Control of waterways • Cut off the South United States (Union) • Advantages • Technology • More railroads • Better weaponry • More manufacturing • Population • More able-bodied soldiers • Larger workforce Confederacy • Jefferson Davis • Former U.S. senator • Became Confederate President • Strategy • Convince U.S. to abandon war effort • Gain help from Europe Confederacy • Advantages • Defensive War • Did not need to gain territory to achieve victory • Leadership • Robert E. Lee • General of the Army of Northern Virginia • Opposed secession • Did not believe Union should be held together by force Early Battles • Fort Sumter • Opening confrontation of the war • 1861-1862 Campaigns • Union failed to capture Richmond • Confederate launch attack into U.S. territory Emancipation Proclamation • Battle of Antietam • Union victory • Confederate advance halted • Following the victory, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation • Why not earlier? Emancipation Proclamation • Freed slaves located in only “rebelling” (Southern) states • Reasons • Diplomacy • Discouraged interference of foreign governments • Loyalty • Did not want to anger Border States • New Soldiers • Encouraged the enlistment of African American soldiers 1863 Campaigns • Confederate Victories in the East • Union attacks repelled • Union Victories in the West • Control of Mississippi River • Ulysses S. Grant • Won victories over the Confederacy after several others had failed • Promoted to Union commander