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Physical features Landforms Water Bodies What are landforms? Landforms are the natural shapes or features What are Water Bodies? Water Bodies are any significant accumulation of water. Lesson Objectives • Identify the major landforms and water bodies • Differentiate between the two types of plains • Analyse the 3 types of mountains based on formation • Locate physical features on the Earth with the help of an Atlas Major Landforms Plains Plateau Mountain Fold Mountains Volcanic Mountains Block Mountains Basin Valley Minor Landforms Islands Isthmus Peninsula Plain River Plain Coastal Plain Plains • Lowland • Vast expanse of land • Height- usually less than 200m from sea level • Why are river plains fertile? • What are the importance/uses of river plains? • Eg. U.A.E.- Thaid plain, India- Eastern Coastal Plain Plateau Plateau • Uplifted section of the Earth’s crust • Flat tops with steeply sloping sides • aka- Tableland, plain in the air • Eg. Africa- East African Plateau India- Deccan Plateau Mountains • Massive areas of land • Rising to great heights • Steep or gentle sides • What is a chain of mountains called? Types of mountains According to formation: 1. Fold Mountains 2. Volcanic Mountains 3. Block Mountains Fold Mountain Fold Mountains Layers of the Earth’s surface fold due to compression It is a result of movement inside the Earth New Fold Mountains Old Fold Mountains About 25 million years old Very high (not much erosion) About 250 millions years old Not that high (eroded over time) Eg. India- Himalayas North America- Rockies South America- Andes Eg. Eurasia- Ural Mts India- Aravalli North America- Appalachian Volcanic Mountain Volcanic Mountains • Built by molten lava, ash and dust from deep inside the Earth that comes out to the surface through cracks in the crust. • The high cone like structure on the Earth’s surface is the accumulation of the molten lava from within the Earth. Mount Fuji (Japan) Mt. Etna (Italy) Mt. Erebus (Antarctica) Mt. Vesuvius (Italy) Block Mountain Block Mountains • • • • Cracks or faults on the Earth’s crust Land between the two cracks and sinks Blocks are left standing on the two sides The edges of these mountains are steep with a flat top What are the importance of mountains? • • • • Plants Animals Climate Getaways Basins • Depression on the Earth’s crust • Lower than surrounding land • Usually along plateau • Forms inland drainage • Eg. Lake Chad in Africa Valleys • Low lying area between hills or mountains • May be a river valley • Usually V-shaped • Eg. Rhine Valley, Damodar Valley MINOR LANDFORMS • Islands • Peninsula • Isthmus Islands • A piece of land surrounded by water on all sides • India- Lakshadweep • U.A.E.- Yas Island Peninsula • A piece of land surrounded by water on 3 sides • Joined to a larger landmass • Eg. India, Malay peninsula Isthmus • Narrow, elongated piece of land • Joining two large water bodies • Separating two water bodies • Eg. Isthmus of Suez (joining Africa and Asia) MAJOR WATER BODIES • • • • • • • Oceans Seas Gulfs Bays Straits Lakes Rivers Oceans • Name the 5 oceans. • 71 % of Earth’s surface is covered with water • Oceans are 97% of that water (saline) • Water percentage is fresh water… do the math Seas • It is a part of the ocean • It is much shallow and much smaller • They are located close to the edges of continents of large landmasses • Name some seas. Gulfs and Bays • It is a part of the sea or ocean • It is an inlet of water into the land • Large water body Strait • It is a narrow stretch of water • Joins two large water bodies • Separates two landmasses • Eg. Hormuz Strait in U.A.E. Lake • A small water body • Surrounded by land on all sides • Eg. Lake Baykal, Chilka Lake, Lake Victoria • Large lakes are called inland seas like Black Sea and Caspian Sea River • A stream of water flowing from a higher ground level to a lower ground level • Drains out into the sea or lake • Origin- Source-where? • End-Mouth-where? • Route- Course-where? What are the uses or rivers? Describe the flow of the river in each course. Observe the depth and width of a river through its course. The End
