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Unit 6 Review Guide Learning Reading Schedule 10/28 p. 215-220 10/29 p. 220-228 10/30 p. 229-235 10/31 p. 235-242 11/1-11/3 p. 242-249 11/4 or 11/5 Test? Key Terms adaptability Learning Habituation Associative learning Classical conditioning Behaviorism Unconditioned response Unconditioned stimulus Neutral stimulus Conditioned stimulus Conditioned response Acquisition Higher-order conditioning Extinction Spontaneous recovery Generalization Discrimination Learned helplessness Operant conditioning Respondent behavior Operant behavior Law of effect Operant chamber (Skinner Box) Shaping Discriminative stimulus Reinforce Positive reinforcement Negative reinforcement Primary reinforcer Conditioned reinforcer (Secondary Reinforcers) Continuous reinforcement Partial reinforcement (intermittent) extinction Fixed-ratio schedule Fixed interval schedule Variable ratio schedule Variable interval schedule Punishment Cognitive map Latent learning Insight Intrinsic motivation Extrinsic motivation Biofeedback Observational learning Modeling Mirror neurons Theory of Mind Prosocial behavior Antisocial effects Violence-viewing effect Desensitization Key People Little Albert Albert Bandura Edward Deci John Garcia Ivan Pavlov Rosalie Rayner Robert Rescorla Giacomo Rizzolatti Richard Ryan Martin Selignman B.F. Skinner Edward L. Thorndike Edward Chase Tolman Allan Wagner John Watson Key Questions What are some basic forms of learning? What is classical conditioning, and how did Pavlov’s work influence behaviorism? How does a neutral stimulus become a conditioned stimulus? In classical conditioning, what are the processes of acquisition, extinction, spontaneous recovery, generalization, and discrimination? Do cognitive processes and biological constraints affect classical conditioning? Why is Pavlov’s work important? What have been some applications of classical conditioning? What is operant conditioning, and how does it differ from classical conditioning? What are the basic types of reinforcers? How do different reinforcement schedules affect behavior? How does punishment affect behavior? Do cognitive processes and biological constraints affect operant conditioning? How might operant conditioning principles be applied at school, in sports, at work, at home, and for self-improvement? What is observational learning, and how is it enabled by mirror neurons? What is the impact of prosocial modeling and of antisocial modeling?
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