Download Nature of Matter

Survey
yes no Was this document useful for you?
   Thank you for your participation!

* Your assessment is very important for improving the work of artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project

page
1
page
2
page
3
page
4
page
5
page
6
page
7
page
8
page
9
page
10
page
11
page
12
page
13
page
14
page
15
page
16
Document related concepts
no text concepts found
Transcript 
– The Basics
I. Nature of Matter
A. 
Atoms
B. 
Elements
C. 
Isotopes
D. 
Molecules
I. Nature of Matter
Atoms
1.  Atoms are made of subatomic particles.
a.  Protons & neutrons: make up the center part of
an atom, called the nucleus.
b.  Electrons: are negatively charged particles. They
are smaller than protons and are found in
constant motion in the space surrounding the
nucleus.
A. 
I. Nature of Matter
Part of Atom
Charge
Location
Electron
-
Outer Shell
Proton
+
Nucleus
neutral
Nucleus
Neutron
2. 
Atoms have equal numbers of electrons and
protons, which gives them a neutral charge.
I. Nature of Matter
Proton
Neutron
Nucleus
Electron
I. Nature of Matter
B.  Element: is a pure substance that consists entirely
of one type of atom.
1.  Elements are represented by one or two letter
symbols.
a.  Example: C stands carbon, Na stands for
sodium, and Hg stands for mercury .
I. Nature of Matter
2 
An element’s atomic number
represents the number of protons in
the nucleus of that element.
a.  Example: The atomic number of
carbon is 6, therefore carbon has 6
protons in its nucleus.
3 
An element’s atomic mass represents
the sum of neutrons and protons.
I. Nature of Matter
C. 
Isotope: atoms of the same element that
differ in the number of neutrons.
a. 
Example: Carbon-14 has 6 protons, 6
electrons, and 8 neutrons (Neutrons =
14 (atomic mass) – 6 (atomic number)).
I. Nature of Matter
D.  Molecule: a group of atoms bonded
together, representing the smallest
fundamental unit of a chemical
compound than can take place in a
chemical reaction.
a.  Example: H2O
STOP & THINK!
ž  How
do the new terms under Nature of
Matter fit into the level of organization in
nature (excluding isotope)?
ž  Subatomic
ž  Atom
ž  Molecule
ž  Cell
ž  Tissue
Particle
ž  Organ
ž  Organ
System
ž  Organism
II. Periodic Table
A. 
The periodic table shows all known
elements in the universe. It organizes the
elements by chemical properties.
II. Periodic Table
Elements are grouped into families and
periods.
1.  Each column of the periodic table is a
family.
a.  Elements in a family have similar
properties.
b.  Elements in a family have the same
number of valence electrons.
B. 
Family
II. Periodic Table
2. 
a. 
Each row of the periodic table is a period.
The first element in a period is always an
extremely active solid. The last element in a
period always an inactive gas.
Period
II. Periodic Table
C. 
Quick Reference
1. 
Number of protons = atomic number
2. 
Number of electrons = atomic number
3. 
Number of neutrons = atomic mass –
atomic number
Related documents