Download Literature Review (based on Dual Source CT) with the view to future

Literature Review (based on Dual Source CT) with the view to future applications of
multi-energy spectroscopic imaging
1 Applications broadly divided into 3 groups:
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Contrast amplification
Material properties determination
Artifacts reduction
1.1 Contrast Amplification can be further subdivided into:
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Intrinsic (i.e. soft tissue contrast)
Extrinsic (optimal use of contrast agents)
1.1.1 Amplification of intrinsic (sot tissue) contrast:
1.1.1.1 Cartilage and ligament imaging
Amplify the intrinsic contrast to allow better visualisation / characterisation of
cartilage, ligament, muscle, neurovascular bundle and skeleton.
 Berg et al. Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tears and Associated Meniscal
Lesions: Assessment at Dual-Detector Spiral CT Arthrography,
Radiology 2002, 2203: 403-409
 Johnson et al., Clinical image: Dual-energy computed tomographic molecular
imaging of gout, Arthritis Rheum. 2007 Jul 30;56(8):2809
 Sun et al., An initial qualitative study of dual-energy CT in the knee ligaments,
Surg Radiol Anat 2008 Jul;30(5):443-7
 Lohan et al, Dual Energy Ct In The Evaluation Of Lower Extremity Tendons Initial Experience, Poster
1.1.1.2 Mammography
Amplify the intrinsic contrast to allow better visualisation / characterisation of
calcification, breast tumour, fat, breast parenchyma.
 Shepherd et al. Measurement of Breast Density with Dual X-ray
Absorptiometry: Feasibility, Radiology 2002, 223:554–557
 Lewin et al., Dual-Energy Contrast enhanced Digital Subtraction
Mammography: Feasibility, Radiology 2003; 229:261–268
 Asaga, Breast Imaging: Dual Energy Projection Radiography with Digital
Radiography, Radiology 1987 164:869-970
1.1.1.3 Liver focal fat vs tumour
Amplify the intrinsic contrast to allow better visualisation / characterisation of fatty
infiltration, fatty sparing, liver tumour, normal liver parenchyma.
 Karcaaltincaba et al. Imaging of hepatic steatosis and fatty sparing, Euro J
Radiol 2007, 61:33-43
 Lall et al., Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, AJR 2008; 190:993–1002
 Speller, A real time dual-energy probe for tissue characterization during
fluoroscopy, Phys Med Biol 1993 38: 379-388
Liu HTK September 2008
1.1.1.4 Prep-free CT colonography
Amplify the intrinsic contrast to allow better visualisation / characterisation of
polyp/tumour, faecal material, colonic muscosa without pre-procedural bowel
preparation.
 Sebastian et al. Can Multienergy MDCT Help to Differentiate Between Polyps
and Fecal Matter in an Unprepped Colon? A Phantom Study, Poster
 Fidler et al., Cathartic-Free DECT Colonography, Mayo Clinic Trial in
progress
 Sebastian et al, at Emory University clinical trial in progress “MDCT Using
Dual Energy Setting May Make CT Colonography More 'PatientFriendly'”
1.1.2 Amplification of extrinsic (IV) contrast:
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Allow better characterisation / differentiation between IV contrast and calcium
Allow single acquisition (i.e. dose reduction) of conventional multiphase
studies
Allow better visualisation of contrast medium, thus reducing dose and reduce
risk
To be integral part of novel contrast agents research
1.1.2.1 Cardiac imaging
Amplify the intrinsic contrast to allow better visualisation / characterisation of
calcification, atheroma (composition of), vessel patency.
 Busch et al. Visual and automatic grading of coronary artery stenoses with 64slice CT angiography in reference to invasive angiography , Eur
Radiol 2007, 17: 1445-1451
 Scheffel et al., Accuracy of dual-source CT coronary angiography: first
experience in a high pre-test probability population without heart rate
control, Eur Radiol (2006) 16: 2739–2747
 Tenenbaum et al., Dual-Helical CT for detecting aortic atehromas as a source
of Stroke, Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2007 Sep-Oct;30(5):1085-6
 Ruzsics et al, Myocardial Ischemia Diagnosed by Dual-Energy Computed
Tomography: Correlation With Single-Photon Emission Computed
Tomography, Circulation. 2008;117:1244-1245
 Stolzmann et al., Left Ventricular and Left Atrial Dimensions and Volumes:
Comparison Between Dual-Source CT and Echocardiography, Invest
Radiol. 2008 May;43(5):284-289
 Bastarrika et al., Dual-Source CT for Visualization of the Coronary Arteries in
Heart Transplant Patients with High Heart Rates, AJR 2008; 191:448–
454
 Brodoefel et al., Characterization of coronary atherosclerosis by dual-source
computed tomography and HU-based color mapping: a pilot study,
Eur Radiol 2008
 Tunick et al., Atheromas of the Thoracic Aorta: Clinical and Therapeutic
Update, JACC 2000 35: 545-54
 Langheinrich et al., Quantitative X-Ray Imaging of Intraplaque Hemorrhage
in Aortas of ApoE-/-/LDL-/- Double Knockout Mice, Investigative
Radiology. 42(5):263-273, May 2007
Liu HTK September 2008
1.1.2.2 Contrast research
Having determined characteristic spectroscopy properties of novel organometallic
chemotherapy agents, it is possible that they can be traced and hence their target
efficiency determined.
 No current literature available
 http://www.viva.vita.bayerhealthcare.com/index.php?id=386&tx_ttnews%5Btt
_news%5D=11190&cHash=5b8ca6f8be
 http://www.bayerscheringpharma.de/scripts/pages/en/therapeutic_areas/diagno
stic_imaging/contrast_media/index.php
1.1.2.3 Perfusion study
Allow determination of perfused/viable tissues particularly in the case of infarction. In
the case of lung, there is perfused and ventilated tissue.
 Chae et al., Xenon Ventilation CT with a Dual-Energy Technique of DualSource CT: Initial Experience, Radiology: Volume 248: Number 2—
August 2008
 https://www.smed.com/ctdefinitionas/pdfs/Guide%20to%20Acute%20Care%2
0CT.pdf
 http://www.dsct.com/index.php/detecting-small-pulmonary-emboli-with-dualenergy-2/
 Mahnken, et al., Cardiac Imaging with Iopromide in Dual-source Computed
Tomography, T O U C H B R I E F I N G S 2 0 0 7
1.1.2.4 Single acquisition of multiphase study
With definite identification of different contrasts, multiphase / multicontrast study can
be combined in one acquisition, hence radiation and time and resource reduction.
 Hoffman et al. A Structural and Functional Assessment of the Lung via
Multidetector-Row Computed Tomography, Proc Am Thorac Soc Vol
3. pp 519–534, 2006
 Zhang et al., Noninvasive Diagnosis of Bronchial Artery Aneurysm Using
Dual-Source Computed Tomography Angiography, Acta Radiologica
2007 49: 291-294
 Hamoir et al., DUAL SOURCE CT: CARDIO-PULMONARY
APPLICATIONS, JBR–BTR, 2007, 90: 77-79.
 Graser et al., Dual energy CT: preliminary observations and potential clinical
applications in the abdomen, Eur Radiol DOI 10.1007/s00330-0081122-7
2 Material properties determination
Allow better characterisation of chemical / biochemical composition of lesions using
spectroscopic data
Examples include: Renal calculi, Lung nodules, Electron density for RT planning,
Electron density for PET scanning, Organometalic chemotherapy agent imaging
 Johnson et al., Material differentiation by dual energy CT: initial experience,
Eur Radiol (2007) 17: 1510–1517
Liu HTK September 2008
2.1 Renal Calculi
To determine the chemical composition of renal calculi with the view to alter clinical
management
Calcium oxalate and struvite stones requiring intervention
Uric acid and cystine stones may be amendable to medical therapy
 Primak et al. Noninvasive Differentiation of uric acid versus non uric acid
kidney stones using dual-energy CT, Academic Radiology 2007, 14:
1441-1447
 Takahashi et al., Dual-Energy CT Iodine-Subtraction Virtual Unenhanced
Technique to Detect Urinary Stones in an Iodine-Filled Collecting
System: A Phantom Study, AJR 2008; 190:1169–1173
 Grosjean et al., Characterization of Human Renal Stones with MDCT:
Advantage of Dual Energy and Limitations Due to Respiratory
Motion, AJR 2008; 190:720–728
 Deveci et al, Spiral Computed Tomography: Role In Determination Of
Chemical Compositions Of Pure And Mixed Urinary Stones—An In
Vitro Study , Urology 64: 237–240, 2004.
 Scheffel et al., Dual-Energy Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography for
the Detection of Urinary Stone Disease, Investigative Radiology.
42(12):823-829, December 2007
 Anno et al., Dual Energy CT Characterization of Urinary Calculi: Initial In
Vitro and Clinical Experience, Investigative Radiology. 43(2):112119, February 2008
2.2 Lung nodules
The chemical composition of lung nodule (especially calcium content) may be
associated with increase benignity.
 Unknown. Evaluation of dual-energy computed tomography in detection of
calcification in solitary pulmonary nodule, 1999
 Higashi et al., Dual Energy Computed Tomographic Diagnosis of Pulmonary
Nodules, J Thoracic Imaging 1994 9:31-34
2.3 Electron density for PET
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Carney et al., Method for transforming CT images for attenuation correction in
PET/CT imaging, Medical Physics 2006 33 976-983
Kinahan et al., Dual Energy CT Attenuation Correction Methods for
Quantitative Assessment of Response to Cancer Therapy with PET/CT
Imaging, Technology in Cancer Research and Treatment, Volume 5,
Number 4, August (2006)
Kinahan et al., Attenuation correction for a combined 3D PET/CT scanner,
Med. Phys. 25 .10. (2046-2053), October 1998
Freedman et al., Identification of Contrast media in PET/CT using dual energy
CT, Nuclear Science, IEEE Transactions on Volume 54, Issue 3, June
2007 Page(s):523 - 527
2.4 Electron density for Radiotherapy planning
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Thomas, Relative electron density calibration of CT scanners for radiotherapy
treatment planning, Br J Radiol 1999 72 781-786
Liu HTK September 2008
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Verellen, Image-guided radiotherapy, Touch Briefings 2007
Hansen et al., Image-Guided Radiotherapy Using Egavoltage Cone-Beam
Computed Tomography For Treatment Of Paraspinous Tumors In The
Presence Of Orthopedic Hardware, Int. J. Radiation Oncology Biol.
Phys., Vol. 66, No. 2, pp. 323–326, 2006
Lee, Role of multimodulality imaging in radiotherapy planning, Medical
Physics 2004 31 1645
Prabhakar et al., Feasibility of using MRI alone for 3D Radiation Treatment
Planning in Brain Tumors, Jpn J Clin Oncol 2007;37(6)405–411
Golder, magnetic resonance spectroscopy in clinical oncology, Onkologie
2004 27 304-309
Kalef-Ezra et al., Electron Density Of Tissues And Breast Cancer
Radiotherapy: A Quantitative Ct Study, Int. J. Radiation Oncology
Biol. Phys., Vol. 41, No. 5, pp. 1209–1214, 1998
Spirydovich et al., High density dental materials and radiotherapy planning:
Comparison of the dose predictions using superposition algorithm and
fluence map Monte Carlo method with radiochromic film
measurements, Radiotherapy and Oncology 81 (2006) 309–314.
Saw et al., Determination Of Ct-To-Density Conversion Relationship For
Image-Based Treatment Planning Systems, Medical Dosimetry, Vol.
30, No. 3, pp. 145-148, 2005
Metcalfe et al., Radiotherapy Planning accuracy in terms of CT numbers and
inhomogeneity correction techniques, Australas Radiol 1988 32 371379
2.5 Organometalic chemotherapy agent imaging
Having determined characteristic spectroscopy properties of novel organometallic
chemotherapy agents, it is possible that they can be traced and hence their target
efficiency determined.
 http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2004/12/041203095525.htm
 Bacharach et al., Imaging approaches for monitoring Chemotherapy,
 Belhochine et al., In vivo imaging of chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in
human cnacers, Ann NY Acad Sci 2003 1010:525-529
 Au, Chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer, Biomed Imaging Interv J
2007; 3(1):e12-98
 Kato et al., In Vivo Study of Anticancer Agent Temozolomide by 1H/13C
MRI/MRS, Proc. Intl. Soc. Mag. Reson. Med. 11 (2004)
3 Artifacts Reduction
Due to the metal artefact, beam hardening and the marked difference in attenuation,
metal prostheses cause significant artifacts thus degrading the diagnostic value of
study. With spectroscopy, the artifacts can be subtracted off / reduced.
 Dental implants
 Stents / Prosthesis
Liu HTK September 2008
3.1 Dental implants
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Choel et al., Trabecular alveolar bone in the human mandible: A dual energy
x-ray absorptiometry study, (Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral
Radiol Endod 2003;95:364-70
Estrela et al., Accuracy of Cone Beam Computed Tomography and Panoramic
and Periapical Radiography for Detection of Apical Periodontitis, JOE
— Volume 34, Number 3, March 2008
Norlin et al., Energy dependence in dental imaging with Medipix2, Nuclear
Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 546 (2005) 19–23
Morita, Basic Study on Dual Energy Subtraction Using X-ray CCD Sensor.
Development of Measurement of Bone Mineral Contents of the Jaw
Excluding the Influence of Soft Tissues, Ohu Univeristy Dental
Journal 1999 26 224-234
Jackowski et al., Ultra-high-resolution dual-source CT for forensic dental
visualization—discrimination of ceramic and composite fillings, Int J
Legal Med (2008) 122:301–307
Hashimoto et al., A comparison of a new limited cone beam computed
tomography machine for dental use with a multidetector row helical
CT machine, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod
2003;95:371-7
Hashimoto et al, Comparison of image performance between cone-beam
computed tomography for dental use and four-row multidetector
helical CT, Journal of Oral Science 2006, 48 27-34
Draenert et al., Beam hardening artefacts occur in dental implant scans with
the NewTom® cone beam CT but not with the dental 4-row
multidetector CT, Dentomaxillofacial Radiology (2007) 36, 198-203
3.2 Stents / Prosthesis
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Oncel et al., Evaluation of Coronary Stent Patency and In-Stent Restenosis
with Dual-Source CT Coronary Angiography Without Heart Rate
Control, AJR 2008; 191:56–63
Achenbach, Computer Tomography Coronary Angiography, JACC 2006 48:
1919-28
Lell et al., Evaluation of coronary stents and stenoses at different heart rates
with dual source spiral CT (DSCT), Invest Radiol. 2007
Jul;42(7):536-41
Liu HTK September 2008