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INDIAN SCHOOL MUSCAT
DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SCIENCE (2015-16)
RESOURCE PERSON: MRS HARPREET KAUR
SUB:
GEOGRAPHY, CLASS- IX
TOPIC: CHAPTER: 2 – PHYSICAL FEATURES
DATE OF SUBMISSION: MAY 2015
WORKSHEET NO:
NAME OF STUDENT: ___________________________________
CLASS & SEC.: IX-___________
06
ROLL NO. _________
DATE:
__________
NOTE: PLS DO QNO.6,11,18,31,36,38 IN YOUR NOTEBOOK.
Summary:Tectonic Plate Theory:-The tectonic plate theory describes the large scale motion of the
earth’s lithosphere. This theory is based on continental drift which explains the formation of
various continents over millions of years; as we see them today.
Plate Boundaries:-
Convergent Boundary: In this case, the two adjacent tectonic plates move
towards each other.
Divergent Boundary: In this case, the two adjacent plates move away from each
other.
Transform Boundary: In this case, the two adjacent plates move along their
borders.
Pangea:About 225 million years ago, the earth contained a single landmass; called Pangaea.
That landmass was divided into two landmasses, viz. Laurasia and Gondwana Land; about
200 million years ago. As the figures; given here show; the landmasses further broke into
different parts and experienced continental drifts at various stages. The Gonwana Land
included the modern day India, Australia, South America, South America and Antarctica.
MAJOR PHYSIOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS:The landmass of India can be divided into following
major physiographic divisions:
a.The Himalayan Mountains
b.The Northern Plains
c.The Peninsular Plateau
d. The Indian Desert
e. The Coastal Plains
f.The Islands
Physical Features of India
The Himalayan MountainsThe Himalayas are the youngest mountains in the world and
are; structurally; the folded mountains. The Himalayas run along the northern border
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of India. The Himalayas form an arc which is about 2,400 km long. The width varies
from 400 km in Kashmir to 150 km in Arunachal Pradesh.
(1) The Great or Inner Himalayas:This is the northernmost range and is also known as ‘Himadri’. This is the most continuous
range. It contains the loftiest peaks. The average height of peaks in this range is 6,000
metres.
(2) The Lesser Himalaya or Himachal:This lies towards the south of the Great Himalayas.
The altitude of peaks in this range varies from 3,700 m to 4,500 m.
(3) The Shiwaliks:-This is the outermost range of the Himalayas. The altitude
varies between 900 and 1100 km in this range and the width varies between 10
to 50 km.
Himalayan Regions from East to West:
Punjab Himalayas:- This part lies between the Indus and Sutlej. From west to east, this is
also known as Kashmir Himalaya and Himachal Himalaya; respectively.
a. Kumaon Himalayas: This part lies between Sutlej and Kali rivers.
b. Nepal Himalayas: This part lies between the Kali and Tista rivers.
c. Assam Himalayas: This part lies between the Tista and Dihang rivers.
Eastern hills and mountains: The Brahmaputra marks the eastern border of the Himalayas.
Beyond the Dihang gorge, the Himalayas bend sharply towards south and form the Eastern
hills or Purvachal. These hills run through the north eastern states of India. They are mostly
composed of sandstones. These hills are composed of the Patkai Hills, Naga Hills, Manipuri
Hills and Mizo Hills.
The Northern PlainThe northern plain of India is formed by three river systems, viz. the
Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra; along with their tributaries. This plain is composed of
alluvial soil which has been deposited over millions of years. The total area of the northern
plain is about 7 lakh square kilometer. It is about 2400 km long and about 240 to 320 km
broad.The northern plain is divided into three sections, viz. the Punjab Plain, the Ganga Plain
and the Brahmaputra Plain.Based on the relief features; the northern plain can be divided into
four regions, viz. bhabar, terai, bhangar and khadar.
a. Bhabar
b. Terai
c. Bhangar:
d. Khadar:
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The Peninsular Plateau
The peninsular plateau is a tableland. It is composed of the oldest rocks because it was
formed from the drifted part of the Gondwana land. Broad and shallow valleys and rounded
hills are the characteristic features of this plateau. The Western and the Eastern Ghats:- They
make the western and eastern edges of the Deccan Plateau. The average elevation of
Western Ghats is 900 – 1600 metres; compared to 600 metres in case of Eastern Ghats. The
Eastern Ghats stretch from Mahanadi Valley to the Nilgiris in the south. The Western Ghats
cause oceanographic rains as they face the rain-laden winds from west.
The Indian Desert:-The Indian desert lies towards the western margins of the
Aravali Hills. This region gets scanty rainfall which is less than 150 mm in a
year. Hence they climate is arid and vegetation is scanty. Luni is the only large
river but some streams appear during rainy season. Crescent-shaped dunes
(barchans) abound in this area.
The Coastal PlainsThe Peninsular plateau is flanked by stretch of narrow
coastal strips. They run along the Arabian Sea on the west and along the Bay of
Bengal on the east. The western coast lies between the Western Ghats and the
Arabian Sea. It is divided into three sections. The Konkan; which comprises of
Mumbai and Goa makes the northern part. The Kannada Plain makes the
central pat and the Malabar coast makes the Malabara coast.The western
coastal plain is wider and level and it runs along the Bay of Bengal. It is divided
into two parts. The northern part is called Northern Circar. The southern part is
called the Coromandel Coast. Extensive deltas are formed by large rivers like
Mahanadi, Godavari and Kavery. Chilika lake is an important feature along the
eastern coast.
The IslandsThe Lakshadweep Islands are in the Arabian Sea. Its area is 32 sq
km. The administrative headquarters of Lakshadweep is at Kavaratti island. This
group of islands is rich in terms of biodiversity.The Andaman and Nicobar
Islands are bigger in size and has more number of islands. This group of islands
can be divided into two groups. The Andaman is in the north and the Nicobar is
in the south. These islands too have rich biodiversity.
.No.
1.
Question
What are Lithospheric plates? Name the seven major Tectonic
plates. (1+3)
2.
What does the movement of the plates result in?
Marks
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3.
Classify the plate movements into three types and explain each
briefly with suitable diagrams. (3+1)
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4.
Explain the formation of the Himalayas and the mountain system
of Western Asia.
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5.
6.
Describe the formation of the Northern plains of India.
‘The land of India displays great physical variation.’ Explain the
above statement with examples.
3
4
7.
8.
Name the major physiographic divisions of India.
Explain the Himalayan mountains under the following headings:
i) Extent of the range ii) Shape iii) Length iv) Width v)
Altitudinal variations.
Name the three parallel ranges of the Himalayas.
Explain Himadri range under the following headings:
1) Other name
2) Location
3) Average altitude
4) Prominent peaks 5) Folds
6) Core of this part
Explain the characteristics of the Himachal under the following
headings:
3
1
EACH
9.
10.
11.
1
1
EACH
1
EACH
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12.
13.
i) Location
ii) Other name iii) Rocks iv) Altitude v) Average
width vi) Important ranges vii) Famous valleys viii) Hill Stations.
Explain the Outer Himalayas under the following:
a) Other name b) Location c) Average width iv) Altitude v)
Sediments
What are Duns? Give examples
1
EACH
2
19.
.
Explain the divisions of the Himalayas on the basis of regions
from west to east. How have these regions been demarcated?
What marks the eastern-most boundary of the Himalayas?
What are Purvanchals? Name the hills comprising it.
Name the three river systems that have led to the formation of the
northern plains.
Explain the characteristic features of Northern Plains on the basis
of the following:
1) Formation 2) Area covered 3) Extension 4) Width 5) Other
characteristic features
What are the characteristics of the rivers in its lower course?
20.
21.
What do you mean by distributaries?
What is Doab?
2
1
22.
Describe the three sections into which the northern plains have
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14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
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1
4
3
1
EACH
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23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
been divided.
Explain the divisions of the northern plains according to the
variations in the relief features.
Distinguish between Bhangar and Khadar plains on the basis of
the following:
Basis
Bhangar plain*
Khadar plain
a) New /
The plain is formed of The plain is formed of
older
older alluvium.
newer, younger deposits.
alluvium
b) Location
They lie above the
They lie near the river
flood plains of the
banks.
rivers.
c) Fertility
They are less fertile.
They are more fertile
* The soil in the Bhangar region contains calcareous deposits
locally known as kankar.
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3
Explain the characteristics of the Peninsular plateau under the
following:
1) Shape 2) Rocks
3) Formation 4) Topographic features 5)
Slope
6) Main divisions.
What are Central Highlands?
What lies to the south, north-west and west of the Vindhyan
range?
Name the plateau that forms the eastward extensions of the
Central Highlands.
Explain the features of the Deccan plateau under the following:
a) Location and Shape
b) Northern and eastern extensions
c) Slope
d) Extension of the plateau in the north-east
What separates the Deccan plateau from the Chotanagpur
plateau?
1
EACH
Distinguish between the Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats
under the following points:
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1
EACH
1
2
1
4
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Basis
1) Location
Western Ghats
Mark the western
edge of the Deccan
Plateau, located
parallel to the
western coast.
2) Altitude
Average elevation is
900-1600 metres.
3) Continuity They are continuous
and can be crossed
through passes.
4) Highest
Anai Mudi and Doda
peaks
Betta are the highest
peak.
5) Local
Nilgiri, Cardamom,
names
Anaimalai.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
Eastern Ghats
Mark the eastern edge of
the Deccan Plateau,
located parallel to the
eastern coast.
Average elevation is
600meters.
They are discontinuous.
Mahendragiri is the
highest peak.
Shevaroy Hills and
Javadi Hills.
Name the type of rainfall in the Western Ghats.
Where is the Deccan Trap located? Write a short account on the
type of rocks found here.
Write a note on the Aravallis covering the following points:
i) Location
ii) How are they found as?
iii) Extension
Describe the Indian Desert (Thar) under the following headings:
1) Location
2) Topography
3) Rainfall
4) Climate and vegetation 5) Stream formation 6) Sand dunes
Distinguish between the Western coastal plains and the Eastern
coastal plains under the following points:
Ans.
Basis
Western Coastal Plains Eastern Coastal Plains
i)
They extend from
They extend from West
Extension
Gujarat to Kerala.
Bengal to Tamilnadu.
ii) Location They are located in
They are located in
between the Western
between the Eastern
Ghats and the Arabian Ghats and the Bay of
Sea
Bengal.
iii) Main
a) The northern
a) The northern part
divisions
part of the coast
is referred to as
or different
called the
the Northern
names
Konkan (Mumbai
Circar.
to Goa).
b) The southern part
b) The central
is known as the
stretch is called
Coromandal Coast.
the Kannad Plain
c) The southern
stretch is
referred to as the
Malabar coast.
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1
3
3
1
EACH
1
EACH
(contd.
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iv) Width
v) Rivers
draining
vi)
Features
formed
37.
Known for lagoons and
Estuaries.
They are broad.
Mahanadi, Krishna,
Godavari and Kavari
Lake Chilika important
feature along the east
coast.
Distinguish between Lakshadweep islands and Andaman and
Nicobar islands under the following:
Basis
Lakshadweep islands
a) Location
They are located in
the Arabian Sea near
the coast.
This island group is
composed of small
coral islands.
They are smaller in
size.
They are less in
number.
Kavaratti
b) Origin
c) Size
d) Number
(less / more)
e) Capital
38.
They are narrow.
Narmada and Tapi
Andaman and Nicobar
Island
They are located in the
Bay of Bengal far away
from the coast.
This island group are an
elevated portion of
submarine mountains.
They are bigger in size.
They are numerous and
scattered.
Port Blair
‘The physiographic divisions of India are complementary to one
another.’ Explain giving four examples
PREVIOUS YEARS QUESTIONS:
Q1 Name any one feature formed by deposition of river?
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q5
Q6
Q7
Q8
1
EACH
Name three longitudinal divisions of Himalayas.State one
characteristic feature of each.
Describe the name and one feature each of any three parts of the
Northern Plains.
Explain which two forces are responsible for shaping the present
geographic features of India? Which continents od today were part
of Gondwanaland?
Name the three parallel ranges of the Himalayas .write three
features of the Northernmost range of the Himalayas.
Name the three types of plate boundaries .explain one
characteristic of each.
Differentiate between Tributaries and Distributaries.
Classify the Himalayas on the basis of regions from west –
east.Write any three regions.
4
1m
3m
3m
5m
3m
3m
3m
3m
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INDIAN SCHOOL MUSCAT
DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SCIENCE (2015-16)
GEOGRAPHY
ENRICHMENT WORKSHEET NO.3
RESOURCE PERSON: MRS HARPREET KAUR
SUB:
GEOGRAPHY, CLASS- IX
ENRICHMENT WORKSHEET NO:
TOPIC: CHAPTER: 2 – PHYSICAL FEATURES
DATE OF SUBMISSION: MAY 2015
NAME OF STUDENT: ___________________________________
CLASS & SEC.: IX-___________
03
ROLL NO. _________
DATE:
__________
Class- IX
Chapter-2: Physical Features
Multiple Choice Questions:
Q. No.
1
2
3
4
5
Question
Marks
Which one of the following is a plausible theory presented by Earth scientists
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to explain the formation of continents and oceans and various landforms?
a) Theory of Motion
b) Theory of Plate Tectonics
c) Theory of Evolution
d) Theory of Relativity
According to the ‘Theory of Plate Tectonic’, the earth’s crust is formed of how
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many major plates?
a) Three
b) Five
c) Ten
d) Seven
According to the ‘Theory of Plate Tectonic’, the moment of plates result in
1
some geological activity. Which one of the following is not such a geological
activity?
a) Volcanic activity
b) Folding
c) Faulting
d) Glaciation
According to the ‘Theory of Plate Tectonic’, when some plates come towards
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each other, which of the following is formed?
a) Convergent boundary
b) Divergent boundary
c) Transform boundary
d) Colliding boundary
According to the ‘Theory of Plate Tectonic’, when some plates move away
from each other, which of the following is formed?
a) Convergent boundary
b) Divergent boundary
c) Transform boundary
d) None of the above
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6
According to the ‘Theory of Plate Tectonic’, what have been the effects of the
moments of the plates?
a) Chang in the position and size of continents
b) Formation of ocean basins
c) Evolution of the present landforms and relief of India
d) All of the above
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A landmass bounded by sea on three sides is referred to as____________
a) Coast
b) Island
c) Peninsula
d) None of the above
Which of the following divisions of India has the oldest landmass?
a) The Himalayas
b) The Northern Plains
c) The Peninsular Plateau
d) The Indian Desert
The Peninsular Plateau of India is part of which of the following landmass?
a) Angaraland
b) Gondwanaland
c) Tethys
d) Eurasian Plate
Which of the following countries or continents was not part of the ancient
landmass of Gondwanaland?
a) India
b) Australia
c) Europe
d) South America
Which of the following physiographic divisions of India was formed out of
accumulations in the Tethys geosyncline.
a) The Himalayas
b) The Northern Plains
c) The Peninsular Plateau
d) The Indian Desert
Geologically which of the following physiographic divisions of India is
supposed to be one of the most stable land blocks?
a) The Himalayas
b) The Northern Plains
c) The Peninsular Plateau
d) The Indian Desert
From the point of view of geology, which of the following physiographic
divisions of India is considered to be an unstable zone?
a) The Himalayan Mountains
b) The Peninsular Plateau
c) The Indian Desert
d) The Islands
Which of the following are young fold mountains?
a) The Aravallis
b) The Nilgiris
c) The Himalayas
d) The Sahyadri
Which of the following physical features forms a natural barrier to the north
of India?
a) Kunlun Mountains
b) Plateau of Tibet
c) River Brahmaputra
d) The Himalayas
The Himalayas consist of three parallel ranges in its longitudinal extent.
Which of the following is the name of the northernmost range?
a) The Himadri
b) The Himachal
c) The Purvanchal
d) The Shiwalik
Which of the following is the highest peak of India?
a) Mount Everest
b) The Kanchenjunga
c) Nanga Parbat
d) Nanda Devi
Which of the following is not a mountain pass in the Great Himalayas?
a) Shipkila
b) Nathula
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c) Bomdila
d) Khyber pass
Which of the following is not a part of the Lesser or Himachal range of the
Himalayas?
a) Satpura
b) Pir Panjal range
c) Dholadhar
d) Mahabarat
The longitudinal valleys lying between Lesser Himalayas and Shiwaliks are
known as-------.
a) Pass
b) Pat Kai Bum
c) Himachal Valley
d) Duns
Which of the following is the highest peak of Peninsular India?
a) Mount Everest
b) Anai Mudi
c) Doda Betta
d) Mahendragiri
The black soil region covering the northwestern part of the Peninsular India is
known as-----------.
a) Deccan Trap
b) Malwa Plateau
c) Chhotanagpur Plateau
d) None of these
The western coastal strip’s central stretch of plain is referred to as
a) Coromandal
b) Kannad
c) Konkan
d) None of these
Barachans are referred to as
a) Deposition of sediments
b) Lagoons
c) Underground streams
d) Crescent shaped sand dunes
Which of the following is referred to as the riverine islands?
a) Deposition sediments by glaciers
b) Deposition of sand by
wind
c) Deposition of sediments by river in its lower course d) None of these
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