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Transcript 
Transcription
Dr.KevinAhern
Structure
CentralDogma
Template Strand
Coding Strand
RNAFunctions
RNABuildingBlocks
Eukaryotic Process
Structure
RNAPolymerase
Subunits (Prokaryotes)
• α (2)
•β
• β’
•ω
•σ
Non-template Strand
Transcription
Template Strand
RNA
Polymerase
RNA
ProkaryoticControlSequences
ProkaryoticRNAPolymerase(RNAP)
Structure
TranscriptionInitiationandElongation
Rifampicin Blocks
Elongation
Transcription Bubble
TranscriptionElongation
TranscriptionTermination
Structure
Termination
• RhoFactorTermination-RhoProtein“Climbs”
RNABeingSynthesizedandRemovesRNA
PolymerasefromDNA
• FactorIndependent-SequenceinRNACauses
RNAPolymerasetoFallOffofDNA
ChromosomeStructure
EukaryoticControlSequences&Structure
EukaryoticTranscriptionComplex
TranscriptionComplexAssembly
EukaryoticRNAPolymeraseInhibition
α-amanitin
EukaryoticmRNA5’Cap
EukaryoticmRNA5’Cap
Rolesforthe5’CapinEukaryotes
NucleaseProtection/mRNAStability
RoleinTranslation
EukaryoticRNAMaturation
Splicing
Splicing
Pyrimidine Rich Sequence
Splicing
GU Sequence
1. U1 Binding
2. U2 Binding
AG Sequence
RNA
snRNPs - Contain Proteins and snRNAs.
• Splicing
Some snRNAs are Complementary to Sequences in Intron and Help to Assemble the Structure
SplicingMechanism
AlternativeSplicing
AlternativePolyadenylation
RNAEditing
Structure
CCA End
tRNAStructure
tRNA
Synthesis of Pseudouridine from Uridine
tRNAandrRNAProcessinginEukaryotes
Structure
Structure
Structure
Bacteria
5S rRNA (in large ribosomal subunit - structural support)
16S rRNA (in small ribosomal subunit - aligns mRNA for translation)
23S rRNA (in large ribosomal subunit - catalyzes peptide bond formation
Eukaryotes
5S rRNA (large ribosomal subunit - structural support)
5.8S rRNA (large ribosomal subunit - translocation)
18S rRNA (small ribosomal subunit - functions in translation)
28S rRNA (large ribosomal subunit - peptide bond formation)
Structure
• RNA Functions
• Synthesis of Proteins (tRNA, rRNA, mRNA)
• Primary Genetic Material (RNA Viruses)
• Catalysis of Reactions (Ribozymes)
• Regulation of Gene Expression (miRNA & siRNA)
• Processing of Other RNAs (snRNAs & snoRNAs),
• RNA Structures
• Ribonucleotides - A,U,C,G
• Single Stranded/Self Pairing
• G-U Base Pairs
Structure
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