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The University of South Dakota THEA 461: History of Theatre & Drama: Beginnings to 1600 Concepts addressed: History, Theory and Literature Development of the theatre, including knowledge of performance architecture, technology, the relationship of theatre and society, theatre organization, conventions, and vocabulary as well as representative plays from the following periods within Western literature: origins, Greek and Roman, medieval, Renaissance When, where, what it is, importance to theatre/to the development of theatre Abydos Passion Play Ancient Greece • Hellenic period • Defeat of Persians • Peloponnesian War • Pericles (Age of) • Polis • Thespis • City Dionysia: organization, contests • Lenaia • Dithyrambic chorus • Tetralogy, trilogy • Archon • Choragus • Audience composition • Aeschylus, including plays, style, innovations Prometheus Bound, Oresteia (Agamemnon, Libation Bearers, Eumenides) • Sophocles, including plays, style, innovations Oedipus the King, Antigone, Oedipus at Colonus Euripides, including plays, style Hippolvtus, Medea, The Bacchae • Aristotle: Poetics, definition of tragedy, elements of tragedy (in order), complex/simple plots, anagnorisis (recognition), peripeteia (reversal), hamartia (error), hubris (excessive pride: a type of hamartia); be able to discuss plays from Aristotelian view • Structure of tragedy: prologus, parados, episodes, choral odes, exodos; be able to discuss • plays structurally • Crisis drama • Satyr plays • Old Comedy: subject matter, style, structure (prologos, parados, agon, parabasis, episodes • [how differ from tragedy?], odes, exodos, "happy idea" • Aristophanes: The Birds, The Clouds, Lysistrata • Chorus: tragedy/comedy, functions Development of this review sheet was made possible by funding from the US Department of Education through South Dakota’s EveryTeacher Teacher Quality Enhancement grant. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Hellenic theatre architecture: example, location, capacity, size, orchestra, theatron, skene, parodoi (sing., parodos), thymele, conjectural paraskenia; description, general use; be able to diagram; 5th Century, BCE & 4th Century, BCE Scenery (known and conjectural): ekkyklema, mechane, pinake, periaktoi; description, general use Acting: who, doubling, style Costuming and masks Middle comedy Hellenistic period Alexander the Great ( empire) New Comedy: subjects, style, structure Menander Hellenistic theatre architecture: see Hellenistic subjects, plus proskenion, episkenion, stage (logeion) The rise of the actor Hellenistic developments in costume and mask Greek mimes Ancient Rome • Roman Republic • Roman Empire • Festivals, Ludi Romani • Roman comedy: sources, subjects, structure, style, contamination • Livius Andronicus • Gnaeus Naevius • Titus Maccius Plautus (Plautus) • Publius Terentius Afer (Terence) • Lucius Annaeus Seneca (Seneca) • Popular entertainments: chariot races, gladiatorial combat, naumachiae, venationes • Circus Maximus • Colosseum • Quintus Horatius Flaccus (Horace): Ars Poetica, "rules" • Roscius • Roman theatre architecture: location, capacity, size, cavea, orchestra, scaena, scaena frons, pulpitum, versurae, auleum, siparium • Vitruvius • Fall of the Roman Empire • Christian opposition to theatre Middle Ages • Fall of Rome, Byzantium, Fall of the eastern empire • Feudalism • Hrosvitha • Liturgical drama • Ethelwold, Regularis Concordia • Mansion (loci, scaffold) and platea (playne), simultaneous setting (what and how used) • Religious vernacular drama Development of this review sheet was made possible by funding from the US Department of Education through South Dakota’s EveryTeacher Teacher Quality Enhancement grant. • • • • • • • • • • • • • The Mystery of Adam Mystery/Cycle plays and individual pageants Corpus Christi Major English cycles: York, Chester, Wakefield, N-town; (examples of individual cycle plays or pageants: Abraham and Isaac, The Second Shepherds' Play) Episodic form, anachronism (what and why) Confraternities, Guilds Pageant masters Processional staging, pageant wagons, York (video) Stationary staging: Valenciennes, Lucerne Secrets Miracle/Saint's plays Morality plays, stations, allegorical characters (example: Everyman) Secular farce, Adam de la Halle, Hans Sachs, Pierre Patelin Asian Theatre • Kalidasa, Shakuntala • Noh characteristics • Zeami • Bunraku • Chikamatsu • Kabuki, Okuni, development • Onnagata Renaissance (Early Modern) Italian • Humanism • Fall of the eastern empire (Turks take Constantinople) • Gutenberg's printing press • Neoclassicism-sources • Lodovico Castelvetro • Verisimilitude • Reality • Morality • Generality/universality Decorum • Purity off ormlgenre • Three unities • Main purposes: to teach (didactic) and to please • Theatre architecture • Teatro Olimpico--Palladio/Scamozzi • Theatre at Sabbionetta (Teatro all'Antico )-Scamozzi • Teatro Farnese-Aleotti • Proscenium-arch stage • Venetian opera houses • Pit-box-gallery • Scenery--single, illusionistic setting Development of this review sheet was made possible by funding from the US Department of Education through South Dakota’s EveryTeacher Teacher Quality Enhancement grant. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Vitruvius-- De Architectura Perspective scenery Sebastiano Serlio--Architettura (Bk. II) Nicola Sabbatini--Manual for Constructing Theatrical Scenes and Machines ... Wing-groove-borders (Aleotti) Chariot-and-pole ( Giacomo Torelli) Glories Lighting--candle (Leone di Somi) Regular comedy and tragedy in Italian by early sixteenth century --based on classical models (Roman New Comedy, Seneca, Greek tragedy) Commedia erudita Intermezzi Pastoral-Aminta Machiavelli-Mandragola Early Italian opera--Florentine Camerata, libretto, aria, recitative Commedia dell'arte Scenarios Characters: Stock (types), costumes, half-masks (see Web sites) Innamorati (--to) (--ta) Old men/masters--Pantalone, Dottore, Capitano Zanni--Arlecchino, Brighella, Scapino, Colombina, etc. Lazzi and memorized passages, slapstick Isabella Andreini, c d'a troupes English (Tudor, Elizabethan, Jacobean) • Elizabeth I • Reformation; Anglicanism • Interludes • School Drama: Ralph Roister Doister, etc. • Boy's Companies • University Wits, Marlowe, Lyly, etc. • Elizabethan drama: characteristics, relation to neoclassicism • Thomas Kyd: The Spanish Tragedy (Senecan revenge tragedy) • Christopher Marlowe: Tamburlaine, The Jew of Malta, Doctor Faustus, Edward II (chronicle/history play) • William Shakespeare: be aware of lots of plays • Elizabethan public theatre: description, names & uses of parts • Audience areas • Stage/acting areas • Tiring house--multiple theories • The Red Lion, The Theatre, The Swan (& DeWitt), The Rose (& excavation), The • Globe, The Fortune (& Contract) • Philip Henslowe (& diary) • Private theatres (compare to public) • Scenery & costumes • Acting companies; examples: Lord Chamberlain's Men (King's Men) and Lord Admiral's Men; Shareholders, hirelings, apprentices, householders Development of this review sheet was made possible by funding from the US Department of Education through South Dakota’s EveryTeacher Teacher Quality Enhancement grant. • Acting style, Richard Burbage, Edward Alleyn Spanish (Golden Age) • Ferdinand & Isabella • Spanish Armada • Auto sacramentale • Carros • Lope de Rueda • Miguel de Cervantes • Comedia (form) • Capa y espada • Corrales: description, names & uses of parts • Audience areas • Stage/acting areas • Tiring house • Corral de la Cruz • Corral del Principe • Lope Felix de Vega Carpio: Fuente Oveiuna • Pedro Calderon de la Barca: Life is a Dream Development of this review sheet was made possible by funding from the US Department of Education through South Dakota’s EveryTeacher Teacher Quality Enhancement grant.
