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CAMPBELL
BIOLOGY
TENTH
EDITION
Reece • Urry • Cain • Wasserman • Minorsky • Jackson
37
Soil and Plant
Nutrition
Clicker Questions by
Scott T. Meissner
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
The difference between macronutrients and micronutrients
is that
a) the molecules of macronutrients are larger than those
of micronutrients.
b) macronutrients are essential for physiological function
of plants, while micronutrients amplify plant growth if
they are available.
c) macronutrients are needed for growth, while
micronutrients are needed only for reproduction.
d) macronutrients are required by plants in larger
quantities than are micronutrients.
e) the molecules of macronutrients move through the
symplast, and micronutrients can move through either
the symplast or the apoplast.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
The difference between macronutrients and micronutrients
is that
a) the molecules of macronutrients are larger than those
of micronutrients.
b) macronutrients are essential for physiological function
of plants, while micronutrients amplify plant growth if
they are available.
c) macronutrients are needed for growth, while
micronutrients are needed only for reproduction.
d) macronutrients are required by plants in larger
quantities than are micronutrients.
e) the molecules of macronutrients move through the
symplast, and micronutrients can move through either
the symplast or the apoplast.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Legumes (such as soybeans) commonly obtain their
nitrogen through a mutualistic association with
a) nitrifying bacteria, which oxidize ammonium to
nitrite.
b) ammonifying bacteria, which convert organic
nitrogen to ammonium.
c) denitrifying bacteria, which convert organic nitrite
to ammonium.
d) nitrifying bacteria, which extract nitrogen from
decomposing animals.
e) nitrogen-fixing bacteria, which convert gaseous
nitrogen to ammonium.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Legumes (such as soybeans) commonly obtain their
nitrogen through a mutualistic association with
a) nitrifying bacteria, which oxidize ammonium to
nitrite.
b) ammonifying bacteria, which convert organic
nitrogen to ammonium.
c) denitrifying bacteria, which convert organic nitrite
to ammonium.
d) nitrifying bacteria, which extract nitrogen from
decomposing animals.
e) nitrogen-fixing bacteria, which convert gaseous
nitrogen to ammonium.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which statement most accurately reflects the interaction
between plants and the soil in the rhizosphere in which they
grow?
a) Plants passively take up nitrogen from the soil with their
roots, interacting little with the rhizosphere.
b) Plants obtain nitrogen through a two-way interaction
assisted by metabolism of rhizosphere bacteria to
render nitrogen to usable forms, while plants lose
carbon to the bacteria.
c) Plants’ ability to absorb nitrogen is compromised due to
high concentrations of bacteria in the rhizosphere.
d) Rhizosphere bacteria form chains of cells that penetrate
the plant root and facilitate plant nitrogen absorption
through capillary action.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which statement most accurately reflects the interaction
between plants and the soil in the rhizosphere in which they
grow?
a) Plants passively take up nitrogen from the soil with their
roots, interacting little with the rhizosphere.
b) Plants obtain nitrogen through a two-way interaction
assisted by metabolism of rhizosphere bacteria to
render nitrogen to usable forms, while plants lose
carbon to the bacteria.
c) Plants’ ability to absorb nitrogen is compromised due to
high concentrations of bacteria in the rhizosphere.
d) Rhizosphere bacteria form chains of cells that penetrate
the plant root and facilitate plant nitrogen absorption
through capillary action.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which is LEAST likely to be a factor that would limit the
availability of nutrients in the soil to a plant?
a) The types of minerals present in the soil
b) The pH of the soil
c) The texture of the soil
d) The presence or absence of certain types of
microorganisms in the soil
e) The permeability of its epidermal cell walls to
nutrients
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which is LEAST likely to be a factor that would limit the
availability of nutrients in the soil to a plant?
a) The types of minerals present in the soil
b) The pH of the soil
c) The texture of the soil
d) The presence or absence of certain types of
microorganisms in the soil
e) The permeability of its epidermal cell walls to
nutrients
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Compared to many other practices in agriculture,
phytoremediation is a different approach in that it
attempts to
a) change the composition of soil microbes to one
that enhances crop growth.
b) remove certain items from the soil through
its accumulation in plant material that can be
removed.
c) use secretion of chelators by plants to bind up specific
toxins found in the soil.
d) have plants remove dangerous soil microbes by taking
them into vesicles and digesting them.
e) use cover crops and “green manures” to limit the rates
of topsoil loss through erosion.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Compared to many other practices in agriculture,
phytoremediation is a different approach in that it
attempts to
a) change the composition of soil microbes to one
that enhances crop growth.
b) remove certain items from the soil through
its accumulation in plant material that can be
removed.
c) use secretion of chelators by plants to bind up specific
toxins found in the soil.
d) have plants remove dangerous soil microbes by taking
them into vesicles and digesting them.
e) use cover crops and “green manures” to limit the rates
of topsoil loss through erosion.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which is NOT a correct statement about how plants
often use mineral nutrients?
a) They may be used as cofactors in enzyme-catalyzed
reactions.
b) They may be involved in essential steps of the light
reactions of photosynthesis.
c) Those minerals taken from the soil end up accounting
for most of the mass of organic matter the plant
will make.
d) Some of these minerals can act as second messengers
in signal-transduction systems.
e) Some of these might be accumulated or expelled as a
cell attempts to regulate the concentration of its
osmotically active substances.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which is NOT a correct statement about how plants
often use mineral nutrients?
a) They may be used as cofactors in enzyme-catalyzed
reactions.
b) They may be involved in essential steps of the light
reactions of photosynthesis.
c) Those minerals taken from the soil end up accounting
for most of the mass of organic matter the plant
will make.
d) Some of these minerals can act as second messengers
in signal-transduction systems.
e) Some of these might be accumulated or expelled as a
cell attempts to regulate the concentration of its
osmotically active substances.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the sets of plant macronutrients given below
is NOT normally get used as part of organic molecules?
a) potassium (K), calcium (Ca)
b) sulfur (S), potassium (K), phosphorus (P)
c) phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca)
d) magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), nitrogen (N)
e) potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S)
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the sets of plant macronutrients given below
is NOT normally get used as part of organic molecules?
a) potassium (K), calcium (Ca)
b) sulfur (S), potassium (K), phosphorus (P)
c) phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca)
d) magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), nitrogen (N)
e) potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S)
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
During much of their life cycle plants get most of their
elemental oxygen from CO2, but they still need O2 to
survive. Which choice is an INCORRECT reason for this
need for O2?
a) A seed needs O2 in order to carry out aerobic
respiration during its initial growth.
b) CO2 is not available in high enough concentrations
to supply the plant's need for the element oxygen.
c) The gametophyte generation is often nonphotosynthetic
and so needs O2 for aerobic respiration.
d) Without O2, much of the metabolism done in the
mitochondria would be shut down.
e) Plant roots require O2 for aerobic respiration of organic
matter sent there from the leaves.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
During much of their life cycle plants get most of their
elemental oxygen from CO2, but they still need O2 to
survive. Which choice is an INCORRECT reason for this
need for O2?
a) A seed needs O2 in order to carry out aerobic
respiration during its initial growth.
b) CO2 is not available in high enough concentrations
to supply the plant's need for the element oxygen.
c) The gametophyte generation is often nonphotosynthetic
and so needs O2 for aerobic respiration.
d) Without O2, much of the metabolism done in the
mitochondria would be shut down.
e) Plant roots require O2 for aerobic respiration of organic
matter sent there from the leaves.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which does NOT correctly describe a feature of
nitrogen fixation as done in plant nodules?
a) A bacterial enzyme does the actual nitrogen fixation,
not a plant enzyme.
b) When given the proper environment in the
nodule, nitrogen fixation is an exergonic process.
c) Nitrogenase is inactivated when exposed to high
concentrations of oxygen gas.
d) Nitrogen fixation involves the reduction of nitrogen.
e) The plant supplies the bacteria with organic matter
to help them live in the nodule.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which does NOT correctly describe a feature of
nitrogen fixation as done in plant nodules?
a) A bacterial enzyme does the actual nitrogen fixation,
not a plant enzyme.
b) When given the proper environment in the
nodule, nitrogen fixation is an exergonic process.
c) Nitrogenase is inactivated when exposed to high
concentrations of oxygen gas.
d) Nitrogen fixation involves the reduction of nitrogen.
e) The plant supplies the bacteria with organic matter
to help them live in the nodule.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which statement about how some plants benefit from
the presence of soil microbes is INCORRECT?
a) Through their mycorrhizal interactions with fungi,
plant roots can acquire needed nutrients.
b) Plants sometimes obtain organic molecules from
some of the bacteria or fungi they encounter in the soil.
c) The antibiotics created by some soil microbes can
help protect the plant root from some pathogens.
d) By interactions with soil fungi, some plant roots are
able to live in anaerobic soils.
e) Some bacteria can convert nitrogen into a form
plants can more readily take up and use.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which statement about how some plants benefit from
the presence of soil microbes is INCORRECT?
a) Through their mycorrhizal interactions with fungi,
plant roots can acquire needed nutrients.
b) Plants sometimes obtain organic molecules from
some of the bacteria or fungi they encounter in the soil.
c) The antibiotics created by some soil microbes can
help protect the plant root from some pathogens.
d) By interactions with soil fungi, some plant roots are
able to live in anaerobic soils.
e) Some bacteria can convert nitrogen into a form
plants can more readily take up and use.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
In the formation of a root nodule, which one of the
following would normally occur fourth in sequence?
a) Bacteria produce “nod factors.”
b) The infection thread is formed.
c) Plant roots secrete flavinoids.
d) Vascular connections to the nodule are established.
e) Vesicles, in which Rhizobium lives, are formed in
the plant cells.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
In the formation of a root nodule, which one of the
following would normally occur fourth in sequence?
a) Bacteria produce “nod factors.”
b) The infection thread is formed.
c) Plant roots secrete flavinoids.
d) Vascular connections to the nodule are established.
e) Vesicles, in which Rhizobium lives, are formed in
the plant cells.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which statement about soil nutrients and how plants often
acquire them, is CORRECT?
a) The production and release of O2 by plant roots can enhance
the activity of microbes in the soil.
b) The need to take up certain ions can be a significant
metabolic cost for plants.
c)
The acidification of the soil by proton pumping by the plant’s
root cells can cause the soil to hold various anions less tightly
and so make them more available to the plant.
d) The soil particles cannot hold cationic minerals very well, so
these are often carried out of the soil in water that flows
through it.
e) Plants rarely make use of the actions of other species to help
them obtain soil nutrients.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which statement about soil nutrients and how plants often
acquire them, is CORRECT?
a) The production and release of O2 by plant roots can enhance
the activity of microbes in the soil.
b) The need to take up certain ions can be a significant
metabolic cost for plants.
c)
The acidification of the soil by proton pumping by the plant’s
root cells can cause the soil to hold various anions less tightly
and so make them more available to the plant.
d) The soil particles cannot hold cationic minerals very well, so
these are often carried out of the soil in water that flows
through it.
e) Plants rarely make use of the actions of other species to help
them obtain soil nutrients.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
If a “green manure” were applied to a field, then it would
most benefit the growth of the next crop if ______ bacteria
were present, but it would also be beneficial if ______
bacteria were not highly active in the soil.
a) denitrifying;
nitrogen-fixing
b) nitrogen-fixing;
ammonifying
c) ammonifying;
denitrifying
d) denitrifying; nitrifying
e) eammonifying; nitrifying
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
If a “green manure” were applied to a field, then it would
most benefit the growth of the next crop if ______ bacteria
were present, but it would also be beneficial if ______
bacteria were not highly active in the soil.
a) denitrifying;
nitrogen-fixing
b) nitrogen-fixing;
ammonifying
c) ammonifying;
denitrifying
d) denitrifying; nitrifying
e) eammonifying; nitrifying
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.