Download All of the bones in the vertebral column

Vertebral column ♥  ♥
Nuha, Ananya, Jason, Deepak
Purpose of the Vertebrae
• Vertebral bodies are the weight bearing
structures of the spinal column.
• Upper body weight is distributed through the
spine to the sacrum and pelvis.
• The natural curves in the spine provide
resistance and elasticity in distributing body
weight during movement.
Functions of the Vertebral Column
•
Protection Spinal Cord and Nerve Roots
• Many internal organs
•
Base for Attachment Ligaments
• Tendons
• Muscles
•
Structural Support Head, shoulders, chest
• Connects upper and lower body
• Balance and weight distribution
•
Flexibility and Mobility Flexion (forward bending)
•
•
•
•
•
Extension (backward bending)
Side bending (left and right)
Rotation (left and right)
Combination of above
Other Bones produce red blood cells
• Mineral storage
Summary of bones
Term
Cervical
# of
vertebrae
7
Body Area Abbreviati
on
Neck
C1-C7
Thoracic
12
Chest
Lumbar
5 or 6
Lower Back L1-L5
Sacrum
5 (fused)
Pelvis
S1-S5
Coccyx
5
Tailbone
None
T1-T12
Cervical Vertebrae (C1 – C7)
• The Occiput (C0), known as the
Occipital Bone, is a flat bone that
forms the back of the head.
• The upper cervical region is C1 and C2
• Lower cervical region is C3 – C7
Cervical Cont.
Atlas (C1)
This vertebra supports the
skull. Its shape is different
from the others.
Axis (C2)
The “dens” is a tooth like
process. The dens is a type of
pivot where the atlas and
head can rotate.
Thoracic Vertebrae (T1 – T12)
• The thoracic vertebrae
increase in size as it moves
down the spine.
• Pedicles, long spinous
processes.
• Large intervertebral foramen
(neural passageways), which
help in avoiding nerve
compressions.
1-Vertebral Body 2-Spinous Process 3Transverse Facet
4-Pedicle 5-Foramen 6-Lamina 7-Superior
Facet
Thoracic Cont.
• The rib cage is joined
to the thoracic
vertebrae.
• At T11 and T12, the
ribs don’t attach, so
they are called
"floating ribs."
• The thoracic spine's
range of motion is
limited because of all
the connections and
processes.
Lumbar Vertebrae (L1 – L5)
• The lumbar vertebrae get bigger from L1 to L5.
• These vertebrae bear much of the body's weight
and biomechanical stress.
• The pedicles are longer and wider than those in
the thoracic spine.
• The spinous processes are horizontal and more
squared in shape.
• The intervertebral foramen (neural passageways)
are large but nerve root compression is more
common than in the thoracic spine.
Sacral and Coccyx
• The Sacrum is behind the pelvis.
• Five bones (abbreviated S1 through S5) are fused
into a triangular shape.
• The sacrum fits between the two hipbones
connecting the spine to the pelvis.
• The last lumbar vertebra (L5) moves with the
sacrum.
• Below the sacrum are 5 additional bones, fused
together to form the Coccyx (tailbone).
Markings and landmarks
Deepak Sela
http://www.columbianeurosurgery.org/wp-content/2009/11/Heim_Anatomy_new.gif
http://upload.vipulg.com/Zoology/759/Chapter.43.final_files/Chapter.43.final-9.png
http://www.ithaca.edu/faculty/lahr/LE2000/Back/FinishedPics/JPEGs/InterJt.jpg
http://img.medscape.com/pi/emed/ckb/sports_medicine/84611-93418-94387-94528.jpg
http://www.chiropractic-help.com/images/atlasaxis.jpg
http://www.chiropractic-help.com/images/sacroiliac_anatomy.jpg
http://musom.marshall.edu/anatomy/grosshom/allppt/pdf/Vertebral%20Column%20Lecturef.pdf
Muscle Name Cervical Region
Description
Sternocleidomastoid
Head movement (extension, rotation)
Vertebral column flexion
Spinalis Cervicis/Spinalis Capitus
Extends and rotates the head
Iliocostalis Cervicis
Extends cervical vertebrae
Longissimus Cervicis
Rotates the head and pulls backward
Obliquus Capitus Superior
Rotates and bends the head laterally
Muscle Name Thoracic Region
Description
Longissimus Thoracis
Extension and lateral flexion of the
vertebral column, rib rotation
Iliocostalis Thoracis
Extension and lateral flexion of the
vertebral column, rib rotation
Spinalis Thoracis
Extends the vertebral column
Muscle Name Lumbar Region
Description
Psoas Major
Flexes the thigh at the hip joint and the
vertebral column
Quadratus Lumborum
Lateral flexion of the vertebral column
Multifidus
Extension and rotation of the vertebral
column
http://www.coloradospineinstitute.com/subject.php?pn=anatomy-ligaments-17
Spinal Cord Injury
• Can occur anywhere on the vertebral column
• These injuries damage the cells on the spine and
this causes there to be less communication
between the brain and the body parts below the
region of damage
• Effects of a SCI may include low blood pressure,
inability to regulate blood pressure effectively,
reduced control of body temperature, inability to
sweat below the level of injury, and chronic pain.
Complete and Incomplete Injuries
• Both injuries are caused by deep impact or trauma,
but they differ in the intensity and overall effects in
the spine.
• These include falls, vehicular collisions and freak
accidents.
• Characteristics of a spinal column injury include
broken cervical, thoracic and lumbar bones.
• Fractures and dislocations in the spinal column also
contribute to injury.
Complete Spinal Cord Injury
• Generally persons with a complete spinal cord
injury suffer a loss of sensation and motor
ability caused by bruising, loss of blood to the
spinal cord, or pressure on the spinal cord
Incomplete Injuries
• Incomplete injuries
are damages in the
spinal column, but
they don’t affect
the spinal
cord directly to
cause total
paralysis.
Herniated Disc
L4 - L5 and L5 - S1 are the most likely to herniate
Herniated Disc: As the spinal disc becomes less
elastic, it can rupture. When the disc ruptures, a
portion of the spinal disc pushes outside its normal
boundary
• The effects of this can cause pain and numbness
that can radiate through the leg and extend down
to the feet.
Scoliosis
• Scoliosis affects about 2% of the population. It’s most common in
young girls, but boys and adults can have scoliosis, too.
• Scoliosis is the sideways curvature of the vertebral column
• Slight curvatures can usually be treated with a brace
• More severe curvatures are treated with surgery
• Scoliosis and other bone ailments are treated by an orthopedic
doctor
The Spine Song!!
For those of you who care…
Works Cited
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