Download PHYSICAL SCIENCE CHAPTER 2 MATTER

PHYSICAL SCIENCE
CHAPTER 2
MATTER
2.1- What Is Matter?
Objectives:
• Explain the relationship between matter, atoms, and elements.
• Distinguish between elements and compounds.
• Interpret and write some common chemical formulas.
• Categorize materials as pure substances or mixtures.
A. Matter
1. __________________________ is anything that has mass and occupies space.
a.
____________________, __________________, and __________________ are NOT matter.
b.
Chemistry is the study of __________________________ and how it changes.
2. Atoms are matter.
a.
An __________________ is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances.
b.
An ____________________ is the smallest particle that has the properties of an element.
c.
An __________________________ is represented by a one or two letter symbol.
i.
Al – __________________________
ii.
O – __________________________
iii.
__ – carbon
3. Two or more elements combine chemically to make a __________________________.
a.
A compound is a substance made of atoms of ________________________________
element bound together.
b.
Every compound is unique and different from the elements it contains.
i.
__________________________
ii.
__________________________
4. A molecule acts as a __________________________.
a.
A __________________________ is the smallest unit of a substance that exhibit all of the
properties characteristic of that substance.
b.
Most molecules are formed from different elements.
i.
__________________________
ii.
__________________________
c.
Some molecules are formed from atoms of the same element.
i.
__________________________
ii.
__________________________
5. Chemical __________________________ represent compounds and molecules.
a.
A chemical formula is the chemical __________________________ and
_________________________ indicating the atoms contained in the basic unit of a substance.
b.
__________________________ indicate the number of atoms present.
c.
__________________________ indicate the number of molecules present.
B. Pure Substances and Mixtures
1. A ______________________________ is matter with a fixed composition and definite properties.
a.
Pure substances blended together make __________________________.
b.
A mixture is a combination of more than one ______________________________________.
2. Mixtures are classified by _____________________________________ the substances are mixed.
a.
__________________________ mixtures are the same throughout.
b.
__________________________ mixtures are not the same throughout.
c.
______________________ liquids are able to dissolve into each other in various proportions.
d.
__________________________ liquids do not mix into each other.
3.
__________________________ can mix with liquids.
a.
__________________________ is a mixture of oxygen, nitrogen, and some other gases.
b.
________________________ contain carbon dioxide dissolved in water, sugar, and flavoring.
C. Summary
1. Matter has mass and occupies space.
2. An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance.
3. An atom is the smallest particle of matter that has the properties of a particular element.
4. Atoms can join together to form molecules or compounds.
5. Chemical formulas represent the atoms in compounds and molecules.
6. A mixture is a combination of two or more pure substances. Mixtures can be categorized as
heterogeneous or homogeneous.
2.2- Properties of Matter
Objectives:
• Distinguish between chemical and physical properties of matter.
• Perform calculations involving density.
• Explain how materials are suited for different uses based on their physical and chemical properties and
give examples.
• Describe characteristic properties and give examples.
A. Physical Properties Describe Matter
1. ____________________________________________________ are characteristics of a substance
that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the substance.
a.
_________________ is the temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid.
b.
___________________ is the temperature at which a liquid becomes a gas below the surface.
2. __________________________________ is a Physical Property
a.
__________________________ is the mass per unit volume of a substance.
i.
Density = mass/__________________________
ii.
D = m/____
iii.
Density is often measured in units of __________________________.
3. Physical properties help determine uses.
a.
__________________________
b.
__________________________
c.
__________________________
d.
__________________________
e.
__________________________
B. __________________________ Properties
1. ____________________________refer to the way a substance reacts with others to form new
substances with different properties.
2. ___________________ is the ability of a substance to combine chemically with another substance.
3. __________________________ is the ability of a material to burn.
C. Comparing Physical and Chemical Properties
1. You can observe _______________________________________without changing the material.
2. You can only observe _____________________________________ through chemical reactions.
3. Table 2 page 51
D. Summary
1. Physical properties can be observed or measured without changing the composition of matter.
2. Physical properties help determine how substances are used.
3. The density of a substance is equal to its mass divided by its volume.
4. Chemical properties describe how a substance reacts; they can be observed when one substance
reacts with another.
2.3- Changes of Matter
Objectives:
• Explain physical change, and give examples of physical changes.
• Explain chemical change, and give examples of chemical changes.
• Compare and contrast physical and chemical changes.
• Describe how to detect whether a chemical change has occurred.
A. Physical Changes
1. __________________________ changes do not change a substance’s identity.
a.
__________________________ a piece of chalk.
b.
_____________________, _____________________, and ____________________ of water.
2. When a substance undergoes a _____________ change, its atoms remain in the same arrangement.
3. __________________________ is a physical change.
a.
__________________________ in a liquid
b.
__________________________ in a liquid
c.
__________________________ in a liquid
d.
__________________________ in a gas
4. Mixtures can be __________________________ separated.
a.
A __________________________ separates based on their weight.
b.
__________________________ separates mixtures based on their different boiling points.
c.
__________________________ can be used to separate mixtures with magnetic properties.
d.
__________________________ can be used to separate mixtures based on particle size.
B. Chemical Changes
1. Chemical changes happen __________________________.
a.
____________________________________________________
b.
____________________________________________________
c.
____________________________________________________
2. Chemical changes form ____________________________________ that have different properties.
a.
____________________________________________________/its components.
b.
__________________________/iron or steel
3. Chemical changes can be detected.
a.
__________________________
b.
__________________________
c.
____________________________________________________
d.
__________________________
4. Chemical changes __________________________ be reversed by physical changes.
a.
“____________________________________________________”
b.
“____________________________________________________”
5. Compounds can be broken down through _____________________________________________.
a.
____________________________________________________
b.
____________________________________________________
C. Summary
1. Physical changes are changes in the physical properties of a substance that do not change the
identity of the substance.
2. Changes of state are physical changes.
3. Dissolving is a physical change.
4. Physical changes are often easily reversed.
5. Chemical changes form new substances that have new properties. Chemical changes can be
reversed only through chemical reactions.
6. Chemical changes often cause changed in color or produce sound, light, odor, or heat.