Download Weather 2015 Revision PowerPoint

Measuring weather
Use this PowerPoint to help you revise
the key words and processes we have
examined during this module.
Other internet resources:
 You can also check out these links:
 http://www.geography.learnontheinternet.co.uk/top
ics/weather.html
 Good for the types of rainfall and air masses.
 http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/geogra
phy/weather/climaterev3.shtml
 Good for influences on climate.
People who study and forecast
the weather are: Meteorologists
But what is weather?
 Weather is the state of the
atmosphere in a place at a given
time.
 Climate is the average weather in
a place over a period of many
years.
 To measure the weather meteorologists
use a range of tools.
 It is important to know what the
different types of weather are, how they
are measured, what equipment and what
units are used. Think back your P2L work…
 We’ll have a look at some of them on the
next few slides…
Precipitation




Moisture falling from the sky
Includes rain, snow, sleet
Measured with a rain gauge.
Units: Millimetres
Temperature
 How hot or cold it is.
 Measured with a thermometer.
 Units Degrees Centigrade/Celsius
Air Pressure
 The weight of the air.
 Measured with a barometer.
 Units Millibars.
Wind Direction
 Where the wind is blowing FROM.
 A North West wind is blowing FROM the
North West.
 Measured with a wind vane.
 Recorded as a compass point direction.
Wind speed
 How fast the wind is blowing.
 Measured with an Anemometer.
 Units Kilometers per hour (KPH)
Cloud Cover
 How much of the sky is covered in clouds.
 Measured by looking at the sky with your
eyes and estimating how many eighths
(1/8ths) of the sky is covered in cloud.
 Units Oktas
 Or by using satellite images
Visibility
 How far you can see clearly.
 Measured with a visibility meter
 Units Meters or Kilometers
Test Yourself: Weather Key word Definitions
Weather is the state of the a________ in a p____ at a
given_______.
C
is the a________ weather in a place over a
period of ______years.
M_____________ study the _________.
Use these key words to complete the definitions above.
Meteorologists Climate Time Atmosphere
Many Average Weather
Copy these down into your books.
Measuring the Weather
Complete the sentences below:
Weather is the _________of the __________________ at
a _______________ at a given ___________.
Temperature is measured with a __________ in degrees
____________.
_________________ is measured with a _____________ in
Millibars.
A rain gauge is used to measure_______________ in
________________.
_________________ is measured with an anemometer in
Recap some of
our keywords
using this
sheet…
___________________ per hour.
Cloud cover is measured in ____________ using
____________ or satellite photographs.
Visibility is measured in meters or kilometres
using a ______________ meter.
Visibility State Eyes Thermometer Oktas Time
Kilometers Precipitation Centigrade Millimeters
Place Wind Speed Atmosphere
Use the
earlier slides
to help you.
Precipitation is water falling from
the sky.
There are three types of rain:
 Convectional rainfall
 Relief rainfall
 Frontal rainfall

You have had the chance in lessons to draw and label diagrams of these.
Convectional Rain
Stage 1.
The sun heats the ground and warm air
rises.
Stage 2
As the air rises it cools and water vapour
condenses to form clouds.
Stage 3.
When the condensation point is reached
large cumulonimbus clouds are formed.
Stage 4.
Heavy rain storms occur. These usually
include thunder and lightening due to the
electrical charge created by unstable
conditions.
Relief rainfall
Stage 1.
Warm wet air is forced to rise over high
land.
Stage 2.
As the air rises it cools and condenses.
Clouds form and precipitation occurs.
Stage 3.
The drier air descends and warms.
Stage 4.
Any moisture in the air (e.g. cloud)
evaporates.
Frontal rain
Stage 1.
An area of warm air meets and area
of cold air.
Stage 2.
The warm air is forced over the cold
air
Stage 3.
Where the air meets the warm air is
cooled and water vapour condenses.
Stage 4.
Clouds form and precipitation occurs
These links have animated diagrams
to help you revise the three types of
rainfall.
http://www.curriculumbits.com/prodimages/details/geography/types-of-rainfall.html
http://www.s-cool.co.uk/gcse/geography/weather-and-climate/rainfall-types.html
Year 8
Types of Rainfall
There are three types of rainfall:
Relief
Convectional
Frontal
Task
Use the information on this sheet or from the below link to create hand drawn diagrams
with labels and explanations in your exercise books to describe and explain these three
types of rain. http://www.geography.learnontheinternet.co.uk/topics/rain.html
Stage 1.
Warm wet air is forced to rise over high land.
Stage 2.
As the air rises it cools and condenses. Clouds form and
precipitation occurs.
Stage 3.
The drier air descends and warms.
Stage 4.
Any moisture in the air (e.g. cloud) evaporates.
Stage 1.
The sun heats the ground and warm air rises.
Stage 2
As the air rises it cools and water vapour condenses to
form clouds.
Stage 3.
When the condensation point is reached large
cumulonimbus clouds are formed.
Stage 4. Heavy rain storms occur.
Stage 1.
An area of warm air meets and area of cold air.
Stage 2.
The warm air is forced over the cold air
Stage 3.
Where the air meets the warm air is cooled and water
vapour condenses.
Stage 4.
Clouds form and precipitation occurs
Remember the
sentence closure
we did?
Air Masses
• Huge Blocks of air that influence weather.
• Many air masses cross Britain.
• That’s why our weather can change very
quickly.
They are wet or dry, warm or
cold depending where they
come from
We can use air masses to help
explain different climates
 To do this we need to know what sort of air
they bring: Warm or Cold, dry or Moist.
Air Masses That Effect Europe
Cold Air from
the Arctic
Cool Moist
air from
the North
Atlantic
Polar Continental
Cold dry air in
Winter. Warm dry
air in Summer
from Russia and
the Arctic
Warm Moist air
from the South
West that has
collected
moisture as it
crosses the
Atlantic
Warm Dry Air
from Africa
Air Masses: Test Yourself!
Complete the Captions on the Map
______ Air from
the__________
Cool,
M_______
air from the
Atlantic
Polar Continental
_____________
air in Winter.
Warm, dry air in
__________
from Russia and
the ___________
W_________,
Moist air from the
__________that
has collected
____________
as it crosses the
Atlantic
Word Box
Arctic Moist Warm
South West
Moisture
Warm,
_________Air
from Africa
Cold and Dry
Cold Summer Arctic
Climate
 Climate is the average weather in
a place over a period of many
years.
Climate is often shown using a
climate graph
 This shows average temperature and
precipitation (rainfall) month by month.
 Use the next slide to make sure you can
read a climate graph.
Title tells you what and
where the graph is
about.
RED LINE shows the
temperature.
Climate Graph Kenya
180
30
25
Rainfall (Millimeters)
140
120
20
100
15
80
60
10
40
5
Temperature Degrees Centigrade
160
Rainfall (mm)
Temperature Degrees C
20
Rainfall0in mm
Jan
shown here!
0
Feb
The Blue Columns
show rainfall.
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Month
The month the
data is for!
Temperature
shown here!
There are 8 influences on climate
Latitude
( How far North or
South of the Equator)
Altitude
Shelter
Built up Areas
Influences on Weather
and Climate
Air Masses
Distance From
Coast
Ocean Currents:
North Atlantic
Drift
Prevailing Wind
Direction
We can use these to explain the different climates in
different places.
The higher you
go the cooler it
is.
Temperature
falls 1 degree for
every 100m
higher
The further from the
equator the cooler it is.
Latitude
( How far North or South of
the Equator)
Altitude
Shelter
Hills may shelter a place keeping
it warmer and drier.
Influences on Weather
and Climate
Buildings and cars in towns
give off heat.
This warms the air, so
cities are warmer than the
countryside.
The sea is cooler than the
land in summer.
The sea breeze keeps the
coast cool in Summer and
warmer in Winter
Distance From
Coast
Ocean Currents:
North Atlantic Drift
The warm North Atlantic Drift
passes the West of the UK.
It warms the wind, so it keeps
the West coast warmer
Other places are exposed
to wind and rain.
Built up Areas
The sea is warmer than
the land in winter.
Air Masses
Huge blocks of air.
Depending where they come from they
can be warm or cool, dry or moist
Polar Continental brings cold dry weather
in Winter and warm dry air in Summer.
Prevailing Wind
Direction
The direction the wind normally
blows from.
In the UK this comes from the
southwest.
It brings warm, moist air from the
Atlantic. This brings rain.
Here is some more information on 4
of them…
 But make sure you have learned all 8 so you
can explain why different parts of Europe
experience different climates!
 Climate is the average weather in a place
over many years.
Latitude
We live near the Equator its
nice and warm
I’ll be able to work on my tan
We live miles from the
equator there will be no
sunbathing
Or any surfing for
that matter
Latitude
 Question – where is the hottest place on the Earth?
 The Equator
 So the closer to the equator we are…
 The hotter it is!
 This is the most important influence on climate.
Air Masses
Huge blocks of air that bring different temperatures and
amounts of moisture depending where they come from.
Cool, Moist air
from the North
Atlantic
Cold Air from
the Arctic
Polar Continental
from Russia and
the Arctic.
Cold, dry air in
Winter.
Warm dry air in
Summer
Warm, Moist air
from the South
West.
Collects moisture
as it crosses the
Atlantic Ocean
Warm, Dry Air
from Africa
Altitude Relief
 How do mountains effect the weather?
 What happens as we go up a mountain?
 The higher up we go the cooler it gets.
 Do you remember relief rain?
 On my side it rains a lot this is known as the
windward side
 On the other side it is known as the leeward side.
It is sheltered.
How does this effect the UK rainfall?
 The Pennine mountains act like a
umbrella for the East side of the UK
 The warm air travels from the
Atlantic Ocean, it is pushed up and
rises, the water droplets then
condense on the West side of the
mountains
 This forms clouds and it rains
 Relief rainfall
 So the East stays dry
Human Influence:
Built Up Areas
 The tall buildings in the city act
like a tunnel causing the Wind to
blow continuously.
 Microclimates- what happens to
the heat that cars, houses,
factories give out?
 It warms the air around towns and
cities
Latitude
( How far North or
South of the Equator)
Altitude
Shelter
Built up Areas
Influences on Weather
and Climate
Air Masses
Distance From
Coast
Ocean Currents:
North Atlantic
Drift
Prevailing Wind
Direction
There are 8 influences on climate. Use the web diagram
you did in your exercise book to learn them! Makes sure
you can describe and explain them for a level 5!
Different parts of Europe experience different weather.
The 8 influences on climate all contribute to the
different climates in Europe…
Especially




Latitude
Air Masses
Altitude and Relief
Ocean Currents
Prevailing wind- in the UK from the south west.
 You will need to be able choose which ones are effecting
different areas, explain what effect they have and why!
 The next slide will give you some ideas…
Altitude and relief –
Relief rainfall,
shelter, lower
temperatures at
altitude
LatitudeNearer the
Equator
Further from
the Atlantic
Brings moist air
to the West of
Europe
Ocean Currents
and Air flows
The influences we
have studied
effect the
climate of
Europe.
Europe can be
divided into 5
zones of
experiencing
different
climates caused
by these
influences
Now look back through your
exercise book.
 Make sure you can describe and explain
understand these key topics