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Chapter 1: Basic Concepts Outline
Introducing: Basic Concepts
• geographers • historians • human geography • “where” and “why” Figure 1-1
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Key Issue 1: How do geographers describe where things are?
• geography • Thinking geographically Maps
• definiton • cartography • As a reference tool • As a communications tool Figure 1-2
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Early Mapmaking
• Eratosthenes • Ptolemy • Pei Xiu • explorers Contemporary Mapping
• Hurricane Katrina • Figure 1-7 • inequality of the destruction
Map Scale
• definition • ratio • written • graphic • appropriate scale • Figure 1-8 -
Chapter 1: Basic Concepts Outline
Projection
• definition • distortions • equal area projections • Robinson projection • Mercator projection •Figure 1-9 Geographic Grid
• meridian • parallel • measuring latitude and longitude • Figure 1-10 Telling Time
• Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) • 15º • International Date Line • Figure 1-11 Contemporary Tools
• GIScience Remote Sensing
• definition GPS
• three elements • description •devices Layering Data: GIS
• defintion • layers • Figure 1-13 Mixing Data: Mashups
• definition •description -
Chapter 1: Basic Concepts Outline
Key Issue 2: Why is each point on Earth unique?
• place Place: A Unique Location
• location Place Names
• toponym • Board of Geographical Names Site
• defintion • factors • Figure 1-15 Situation
• defintion • importance Regions: A Unique Area
• region • cultural landscape • Figure 1-17 Formal Region
• defintion • characteristics • cautionary steps Functional Region
• defintion • uses • examples • Figure 1-18 Vernacular Region
• defintion • mental map • examples • Figure 1-19 • The South -
Chapter 1: Basic Concepts Outline
Regions of Culture
• culture
• What people care about…
• What people take care of…
Spatial Association
• scale understanding
• Figure 1-21
• explaining (factors) Key Issue 3: Why are different places similar?
• three basic concepts Scale: From Local to Global
• scale • globalization Globalization of Economy
• housing bubble • transnational corporation • global economy • Figure 1-22 Globalization of Culture
• uniform cultural preferences • McDonald’s • Figure 1-23 Space: Distribution of Features
• space • distribution Distribution Properties: Density
•concentration • Figure 1-24 Distribution Properties: Pattern
• pattern • Figure 1-26 Cultural Identity in Space
• varying patterns according to -
Chapter 1: Basic Concepts Outline
Distribution Across Space
• Behavioral geography Movement Across Space
• gender • ethnicity Cultural Identity in Contemporary Geography Thought
• Poststructuralist geography •Figure 1-30 Connections between Places
• connection Relocation Diffusion
• hearth • diffusion • Figure 1-31 • relocation diffusion • examples of relocation diffusion Expansion Diffusion
• Hierarchical • Figure 1-32 • Contagious • Figure 1-33 • Stimulus Spatial Interaction
• distance decay • space-time compression • Figure 1-34 • network Unequal Access
• core areas • Africa, Asia, and Latin America • Figure 1-35 • economic inequality • Figure 1-36 -
Chapter 1: Basic Concepts Outline
Key Issue 4: Why are some human actions not sustainable?
• resource Sustainability and Resources
• renewable • nonrenewable • sustainability Three Pillars of Sustainability
• Environment • Economy • Society Earth’s Physical Systems
• Atmosphere • climate • Hydrosphere • Lithosphere • Topographic maps • Figure 1-41 • USGS Sustainability and Human Environment Relationships
• Biosphere • ecosystem • ecology Cultural Ecology: Integrating Culture and Environment
• cultural ecology • Environmental Determinism • Humboldt and Ritter • Friedrich Ratzel and Ellen Churchill Semple • Ellsworth Huntington •Possibilism • Possiblism and Sustainability Modifying the Environment
• The Netherlands • South Florida -