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THE MASTER LIST TERM DEFINITION W E E K AB Form Music composed with two different sections; Binary ABA Form African American Music composed in 3 sections; the beginning and ending (A) are alike and the middle (B) is different; Ternary Americans of African descent Allegro Fast tempo Alto The lowest female voice or an unchanged boy’s voice; Between Soprano and Tenor To communicate emotions, ideas, experiences EX: an orchestra performance of a symphony Relating to any part of China, India, and Japan and/or its people, languages, and culture A kind of folk music that tells a story; also refers to a slow romantic song in popular music 1. (1600 - 1750) 2. COMPOSERS: Bach, Handel, Vivaldi 3. Development of Counterpoint and Fugue 4. Music is divided into sections called “movements” 5. INSTRUMENTS: harpsichord, orchestra instruments, and organ. NO PIANO. The lowest male voice Artistic expression Asian Culture Ballads Baroque music Bass Bass Clef A symbol used on a musical staff (five lines) to show lowsounding notes that could be sung by a bass voice or played by a low-sounding instrument like a tuba or cello 4 4 13 2 3 11 15 10 11 3 10 Remember: “All Cows Eat Grass” and “Grandpa Brown Died Friday Afternoon” Blues Brass Call and Response Form Ceremonial Cha-cha A kind of American music that comes from Spirituals and work songs of African-Americans; mostly sad and slow songs One family of instruments; instruments that use a metal cup-shaped mouthpiece to create sound EX: Trumpet, French horn, Trombone, Tuba A soloist performs (singing or playing music) and a group gives a musical reply; like an echo For rituals or celebrations EX: *a hymn played at church *a college fight song played at a ball game *national anthem Music for the Cha-Cha dance Cha-Cha Dance: a fast ballroom dance of Latin America consisting of 3 steps and a hip-swaying shuffle 13 9 4 7 16 Clave Rhythm Chords Classical Classical Greece A two-measure pattern used in Latin American music performed with claves 4/4 16 Two or more musical notes played or sung simultaneously; Triads are types of Chords 3 EX: 1. (1750 – 1820) 2. COMPOSERS: Mozart, Beethoven, & Haydn 3. Expansion of counterpoint from the Baroque 4. 5 Popular types of Classical Music 1. Symphony, 2. String Quartet, 3. Sonata, 4. Concerto, and 5. Chamber Music A Civilization that thrived around the Mediterranean Sea from 480 B.C. to 323 B.C. 12 7 Crescendo Gradually getting louder 1 Decrescendo 1 Duration Gradually getting softer Length of time a note or rest lasts 8 Dynamics The loudness or softness of music; VOLUME EX: pianissimo, piano, mezzo piano, mezzo forte, forte, fortissimo 1 REMEMBER: “Peter Parker (pp) parked (p) my pony (mp) miles from (mf) Frankie’s (f) French Fries (ff ).” Early American – Civil War Eighth note / rest The Period of American History from early settlement to the Civil War (1620 – 1861) Elements of music 7 Basic Parts of Music: Dynamics, Tempo, Melody, Harmony, Form, Timbre, Rhythm. Remember This Saying: “Don’t Take My Horse For The Race.” Relating to any part of Europe (such as Germany, Italy, France, England, etc.) and its people, languages, and culture. European Culture Receives 1/2 beat Flat sign Sign that lowers the pitch 1/2 step Folk music Traditional songs, passed from one generation to the next Form Forte The structure of a piece of music EX: AB, ABA, Call and Response Loud - f Fortissimo Very Loud - ff Gospel Gregorian Chant Usually emotional vocal music that started with African-American Christians in the southern U.S.; influenced the development of soul music 1. Popular in the Medieval Period (450-1450) 2. Type of Ceremonial Music 3. Sacred, Religious music 4. Sung in Unison with No Harmony or Rhythm 5. Historically used in Roman Catholic Worship Services 14 8 2 9 6 14 4 1 1 13 9 Half note / rest Harmony Improvisation Jazz Koto Largo Latin American Culture Marches Melody Medieval Receives 2 beats Notes played at the same time and making a pleasant musical sound; Made up of CHORDS Making up music as you go along American musical styles using improvisation and complex rhythms; started in New Orleans Japanese musical instrument with strings stretched over a wood sounding board that is plucked using picks worn on three fingers Slow Tempo Relating to any part of the Western Hemisphere South of the United States (Mexico, Central America, South America) and / or its people, languages, and culture Usually a patriotic piece that is performed by a band and is often performed while marching The tune of a piece; the part that you sing Mezzo forte Relating to the Middle Ages of Europe from about 450 – 1450. Most music, visual art, drama, and dance were created for religious purposes Moderately or Medium loud – mf Mezzo piano Moderately or Medium soft - mp Moderato Moderate Tempo; not too fast & not too slow Natural sign A play with music EX: “Grease”, “High School Musical”, “Hairspray”, “The Sound of Music”, “Cats”, “Chicago”, etc. Sign used to cancel out a sharp or a flat notate The act of writing down music using notes and rests so others can play it. Percussion Pianissimo One family of instruments; instruments that are struck EX: Snare Drum, Tympani, Xylophone, Cymbals, etc. Very soft - pp Piano Soft - p Pitch notation Letter names, sharps, flats, & natural signs Polyrhythm Two or more different rhythms played at the same time Popular Presto The word “popular” comes from the same root as “people,” so this is the music that is liked by lots of people Very fast Musical Pythagorean Quarter note/rest 1. Classical Greek Period (480 B.C. – 323 B.C.) 2. A Greek Philosopher & Mathematician 3. Identified the relationships between music & math 4. Father of Music Theory 5. EXAMPLE: the length of strings are related to pitch Receives 1 beat 8 3 11 13 15 2 16 15 3 9 1 1 2 14 6 4 5 1 1 6 14 14 2 7 8 Rest Recreational Rhythm Salsa Sharp sign Samba Sitar Sixteenth note or rest Soprano String Syncopation Tempo Tenor Timbre Time signature Treble clef Musical symbol for silence EX: Entertainment for the people creating and playing the music, and those listening EX: *playing the piano at home to relax *music listened to while exercising Time signatures and rhythmic duration of music Latin American dance music combining aspects of Jazz and Rock with African-Cuban melodies Sign that raises a pitch 1/2 step 6 8 16 6 # Brazilian music for a samba dance Samba Dance: a lively ballroom dance with string African influence Samba music is of the people. It is the lower class Afro-Brazilian community and an expression of their culture. South Asian / Indian stringed instrument with a rounded body and a long neck Receives 1/4 beat ¼¼¼¼ = 1 (4 sixteenth notes = 1 quarter note) The highest female voice 12 = Instruments that use strings to create their sounds by bowing, plucking or strumming EX: Violin, Viola, Cello, Bass, Dulcimer, Lute, Mandolin, Koto, Sitar, etc. Shifting the accent in music so that the stress falls between the strong beats; Accenting the weak beats The speed of a piece of music EX: largo, moderato, allegro, presto, etc. The highest male voice The way a particular instruments sounds; also referred to as “tone color” EX: if an instrument sounds “screechy” (like a violin), or “cold” (like a piccolo), or “dull” (like a bass drum) Tells how many beats per measure and what kind of note equals one beat EX: 2 / 4 (two beats per measure and a quarter note gets one beat) A symbol used on a musical staff (five lines) to show highsounding notes that could be sung by a soprano voice or played by a high sounding instrument like a violin, flute, or trumpet 16 15 8 3 7 12 2 3 6 9 9 Remember: “F A C E” and “Even George Bush Drives Fast” Triads A type of chord made up of 3 notes Voice parts Different musical lines divided by the highness or lowness of the voice EX: Soprano, Alto, Tenor, Bass (S.A.T.B.) Whole note/ rest Woodwind Receives 4 beats One family of musical instruments; instruments that make their sounds by using a single reed or double reed OR by blowing air over the mouthpiece EX: Piccolo, Flute, Oboe, Clarinet, Bassoon, etc. 3 3 8 6 All PERCUSSION PICTURES ARE PART OF WEEK 5 VOCABULARY Xylophone BE ABLE TO IDENTIFY THE FOLLOWING INSTRUMENTS: *Week 6 Vocabulary includes all the Woodwind Pictures PICCOLO SAXOPHONE FLUTE CLARINET OBOE BASSOON *Week 9 Vocabulary includes all the Brass Pictures *Week 7: Dulcimer, Violin, Harp *Week 15: Sitar & Koto Dulcimer Violin Harp Sitar Koto CUT THESE PICTURES OUT TO MAKE YOUR FLASH CARDS; *Use Scissors & Cut these pictures out NEATLY! A Glue Stick or Scotch Tape works best to adhere pictures to cards. *Adhere the PICTURE ONLY to the FRONT and the Instrument Name on the BACK. Xylophone LUTE HARP VIOLIN SITAR KOTO PICCOLO SAXOPHONE FLUTE CLARINET OBOE BASSOON