Download Physical Science Final Exam Study Guide

Name: ______________________________ Date: ___________ class: ____
Physical Science Final Exam Study Guide
Key points from Midterm
How do you calculate average/mean of a set of data?
How do you calculate average speed?
Example: Average speed if travel 10 meters over 5 seconds is (be sure to show proper units):
What is the difference between Mass and Weight?
What is Force?
Examples of Forces:
What is friction?
Identify independent and dependent variable
Example: Want to determine if speed has an effect on braking distance. You observe the braking
distance during three different speeds (fast, medium, slow)
What is Independent variable?
What is Dependent variable?
Be able to Graph data by labeling each axis with proper information, even numbers on y axis starting at
zero and include proper units, create good and appropriate Title, and properly graph data into bar
graph.
Activity 80 Newton’s laws of motion
- May want to visit links we previously used that are on www.mybigcampus.com
 Balanced forces
 Friction
 Net force
 Unbalanced forces
Examples of Unbalance forces:
Newton’s 3 laws

Newton’s first law- Inertia
Give examples:
What is needed to change the inertia of a moving object?

Newton’s second law- F=ma
How does Mass, acceleration or Force have effect on the others?
Example problem: What Force is needed to move a 20kg vehicle to accelerate at 10m/s2
What is the difference between Speed and Acceleration?

Newton’s third law- Action-Reaction
Give examples:
Common Units for:
SpeedAccelerationMassForceActivity 81 The net force challenge
Force Diagram- use to calculate Net Force and determine motion
Example:
5N
2N
10 N
What is the Net force:
What amount of force including location and direction is needed to make this balanced?
Zero Net Force- is it a balanced or unbalanced force?
How do you calculate Net Force when the two forces act in the same direction?
Activity 82 Braking distance
 Braking Distance
Activity 83 coming to a stop
 Stopping Distance
 Reaction Time
What affects Stopping Distance and Reaction Time (see concept map)?
Activity 84 Decelerating Safely
 Deceleration
What is the main concept behind safety features used to keep people safe in a collision- consider inertia,
force, and deceleration
What does friction have to do with safety for a vehicle?
Activity 86 Investigating Center of Mass
 Center of Mass
Quick Review Notes:



The center of mass is the point where the distribution of an object’s mass is centered.
While mass describes an amount, the center of mass describes a location.
For example, a meter stick’s center of mass is the point where the mass of the stick is
evenly distributed to the left and right ends, to the front and the back, and to one edge
and the other. This is where it balances,
The center of mass for a vehicle is somewhere inside the vehicle. Vehicles that are tall or
ride high off the ground usually have higher center of mass than vehicles that are less tall
and ride closer to the ground. In certain kinds of accidents the vehicle’s center of mass
can affect what happens to the vehicle and the people inside it.
Activity 96 Gravity
 Gravity
What affects the force of Gravity?
Is there gravity is space?
How does something stay in orbit around the earth and not be pulled down to earth?
In the question above, what needs to happen for something to leave orbit around the eartheither fall to earth or go into space?
Why aren’t the planets pulled into the sun?
Why aren’t we pulled to the sun since it has an extremely larger mass than earth?
How does Gravity affect weight?
Activity 41B Magnetism
 Magnetism
 Magnetic Field
 Lodestone
 Magnetic Pole
 Permanent Magnet
What materials are magnetic?
Quick Review Notes:
Magnetic fields
• are invisible
• have two distinct ends called the north pole and south pole
• affect other magnetic fields - like poles repel, unlike poles attract
• occur in materials containing magnetic elements such as iron, nickel, and cobalt
• are caused by the movement or “spin” of electrons
• can cause (induce) objects containing magnetic elements to have a magnetic field
Explain that magnetic compass needles point towards the Earth’s magnetic poles because they align
themselves with this field.
Magnetic poles are not identical to the geographic poles, but for many navigational purposes, they are
close enough.
Lodestone rock is magnetic because it contains small magnetic particles that are all lined up in the same
direction. This happened because when the “rock” was a hot molten liquid called magma, the magnetic
particles could move freely and the presence of Earth’s magnetic field caused them to all line up in a
north-south direction. When the magma cooled down enough to turn into solid rock, the magnetic
particles were frozen in place, causing the rock to become a natural magnet. Earth is a Giant Magnet
QUESTIONS about Magnetism
a
b
S
c
In the above diagram, the two magnets hang by strings and are swinging towards each other.
What pole on the magnet(s) is a North Pole?
a) a
b) b
c) c
d) a and c
What happens if a magnet is cut in half?
How do we know that Magnetic fields are present, yet invisible?
Magnetic poles that are alike ________________
Magnetic poles that are different ________________