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Surgery: Aseptic surgery The facts The discovery of antiseptic by Joseph Lister in 1865 marked a major breakthrough in surgery. Infection could now be limited by spraying carbolic acid over a wound, but this acid did not kill all germs. In 1878 Robert Koch discovered that bacteria in the blood caused septicaemia which led to greater support for the use of antiseptic. Koch introduced 'aseptic surgery' after discovering that hot steam killed more germs than carbolic acid. This discovery ensured that all germs were removed from the operating theatre and as a Lister's Carbolic Spray result, strict hygiene soon became part of the operating theatre routine. Bandages, instruments and clothes were all sterilised to remove dirt and germs. More ambitious operations could now be attempted the risk of infection had lessened. It was soon discovered that infection was also spread through surgeons' hands and nails. The answer to the problem came from America in the form of rubber gloves. Today, technicians ensure that all equipment including gowns and gloves are totally germ free. Memory time... • • • The discovery of antiseptic was made by Joseph Lister in 1865 Koch introduced 'aseptic surgery' after discovering that hot steam killed more germs than carbolic acid The compulsory wearing of rubber gloves in surgery was introduced in America.