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Protistans The unicellular eukaryotic organisms Outline of Today’ Today’s lecture Compare Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes Protista • • • Key concepts Characteristics Classification • Fungus-like protistans • Plant-like protistans • Animal-like protistans • Three major groups Four Eukaryotic Kingdoms Compare Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes Key Concepts: The kingdom Protista includes singlecelled eukaryotic cells Fungus - like Protistans include some parasitic organisms that are decomposers Animal - like Protistans include nonphotosynthetic flagellated protozoans Key Concepts: Many plant - like protistans are photosynthetic flagellates and are important members of phytoplankton Some protistans are multicelled forms that include the red, brown, and green algae Systematists do not use the term “protist” as a formal group name, but a term of convenience Protistans Characteristics: First eukaryotes – about 2 billion years ago Unicellular, Autotrophic true nucleus, organelles or heterotrophic FungusFungus-like Protistans Resemble fungi Water molds (Live in water &wet soil): causing moldsdowny mildew (grapes) late blight (rotting of potato and tomato) – 1845-1860 Slime molds - Slime molds are decomposers that inhabit the forest floor The Animal - Like Protistans Protozoans – first animals Amoeboid protozoans - free-living predators/parasite Entamoeba histolytica - amoebic dysentery Cilitated protozoans Paramecium - free living predators (bacteria/algae/others) Animal-like Flagellates (free-living predators/parasite) Trichomonas vaginalis - infection of urinary and reproductive tracts Trypanosoma brucei - African sleeping sickness Giardia lamblia – diarrhea Apicomplexans -parasitic protistans: Life cycle complex (Involve 2 hosts or more) Plasmodium – four species cause Malaria Body Plan of a Ciliated Protozoan, Paramecium Scanning electron micrograph AnimalAnimal-Like Flagellates Trichomonas vaginalis Giardia lamblia Trypanosoma brucei Life Cycle of Plasmodium - Malaria A Sampling of the Single - Celled Algae Plant-like protistans: Phytoplankton (floating plants) - autotrophic (produce 70% O2) Algae Euglenoids Euglena Chrysophytes Diatoms Golden algae Yellow-green algae Euglena – an animal or a plant? Algae Red Rhodophyta Tropical Agar seas - from extracts Baked goods Cosmetics Jellies Culture Drug gels capsules Algae Brown Phaephophyta Sargassum Macrocystis Kelp Underwater forests Commercial Extracts harvest used in foods Algae Green Algae Chlorophyta Photosynthetic Volvox Acetabularia Ulva (sea lettuce) Chlamydomonas Spirogyra Sexual and asexual reproduction Four Eukaryotic Kingdoms In Conclusion Protistans are eukaryotes Many are heterotrophs which include the water molds, slime molds, and protozoans The fungus-like protists are decomposers or parasites Animal-like protozoans are internal parasites or live freely in aquatic habitats In Conclusion Sporozoans have complex life cycles involving multiple hosts Single-celled and multiple-celled algae are photoautotrophs The red, brown and green algae are multicelled photosynthesizers The protistans are the simplest of the eukaryotes
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