Download World War Two - Grants Pass School District 7

OBJECTIVES:
WORLD WAR TWO
US History | Unit 7
o Understand how the rise of
dictators in Europe
impacted global movement
towards WWII
o Become familiar with the
series of events leading to
US entrance into WWII.
o Understand life in America
during the war including
details on rationing and
discrimination
o Write a persuasive essay
regarding the bombing of
Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
o Create an original piece of
propaganda that accurately
reflects WWII.
o Understand events that led
to the end of WWII and the
global impact of this war
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Homework
Unit 7: World War Two
Assessment Date:
[reminder: in order to earn full credit, all homework assignments
must be turned in prior to taking your assessment]
7.1 | Due: __________________
Pages 333-344
1. Explain why Stalin was called “man of steel”.
2. Provide details on the type of leader Mussolini was.
3. Describe Hitler as a leader.
4. Provide details on the leaders of Japan during WWII.
5. Explain why Britain and France engaged in appeasement with German.
6. Explain FDR’s Good Neighbor policy.
7. Blitzkrieg means “lightning war”. Explain why Germany used this style of warfare.
8. What countries made up the Axis Powers? Allied Powers?
9. Describe the Miracle of Dunkirk.
10. Provide three details on the Battle of Britain.
7.2 | Due: ___________________
Pages 344-355
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Explain why many Americans supported isolationism.
What did the Nye Committee discover and how did it impact isolationist beliefs?
Explain the impact reporters like Edward R. Murrow had upon American’s opinions of war.
Provide details on the Lend-Lease Act.
Explain the Atlantic Charter.
Provide details on the aftermath of the attack on Pearl Harbor.
Provide details on the Bataan Death March.
Pages 358-362
8. Why did FDR, Churchill and Stalin chose to focus on defeating Germany first?
9. Compare saturation bombing to strategic bombing.
10. Who were the Tuskegee Airmen?
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Origins of WWII
What is a totalitarian
government?
How did the Treaty of
Versailles lead to WWII?
Why did the League of
Nations fail?
How were other nations
impacted by the Great
Depression? How did this
affect WWII?
The Rise of Dictators
Germany
Italy
Soviet Union
Summary: What things were moving Europe closer to WWII?
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Japan
The Road to War in Europe
 Germany begins mobilizing for war in ______________

Germany takes the ____________________ in 1936

Germany and Italy support fascist revolution in __________________

Italy invades __________________ and later takes Albania

Germany annexes __________________

Germany occupies the _______________________

_____________________ Pact signed

France and Britain were hesitant to enter another war, due to problems with WWI and war debt.
In 1938, France and Britain met with Hitler and allowed Germany to take Sudetenland if no
other land was taken – ______________________________

Germany takes over the rest of ___________________________

Germany and Italy form the __________________________________

_________________-German Non-Aggression Pact of 1939

Germany invades _____________________

_____________________ – “lightning war”

Britain and France __________________________ on Germany

___________________________________ acquires part of Poland and ports in the Baltic states

Germany, Italy and Japan sign the ________________________________ Pact

Hungary, Bulgaria and Romania ______________________ Axis – 1940

Denmark and Norway __________________ Germany – 1940

Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg __________________ Germany – 1940

Germany marches on _________________________, takes over ________________ – 1940


Vichy France
Germany attacks ____________________________

Battle of ________________________ – “the Blitz”

Germany invades Yugoslavia and ________________________________

Germany invades the _____________________________________

The Soviet Union allies with __________________________ and France
WWII | Alliances
Axis Powers
Allied Powers
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Describe what is happening in
this map:
1. Explain why dictators rose to power in Europe in the 1920s and 1930s.

Describe how Hitler, Mussolini and Stalin were similar and different as leaders.
2. Explain the policy of appeasement. How did appeasement impact the starting of WWII?
3. The US and Great Britain’s objectives were different than the Soviet objectives for war. So, why did the US and
GB choose to align themselves with the Soviets?
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WWII: America Moving Towards War
Notes
Neutrality Laws
1. What were the key provisions of the Neutrality Act of 1935? Why do you think they were
included?
2. What provisions were added by the Neutrality Act of 1936? Why do you think these were
included?
3. What provisions were added by the Neutrality Act of 1937? Why do you think these were
included?
FDR and WWII
1. When President Roosevelt sent military aide to China, do you think he broke the law (Neutrality
Acts)? Why or why not?
2. How is the Neutrality Act of 1939 different than the Neutrality Act of 1937?
3. Why do you think President Roosevelt had to include the “cash and carry” provision of the
Neutrality Act of 1939?
4. With the “Destroyers for bases” deal, do you think President Roosevelt broke the law (Neutrality
Acts)? Why or why not?
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5. Explain the Lend-Lease Act. Do you agree, or disagree with President Roosevelt’s analogy?
Why?
6. America declared war on December 8, 1941. What year was the draft implemented? What is odd
about the timing of the draft? What conclusion can you draw from this?
Americans Debate Involvement Notes
Isolationists
Interventionists
1. Do you think President Roosevelt was an Internationalist or an Isolationist? What evidence
supports your opinion?
2. Considering Nazi and Japanese expansion in the 1930s would you have been Isolationist or
Internationalists? Why?
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FDR Moves towards Involvement
Summer/Fall 1940
September 1940 (two things)
September 27, 1940
March 1941
June 1941
December 7, 1941
Pearl Harbor Notes
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The Home Front during WWII
Building an Army

In
, after
surrendered to
, Congress passed
the Selective Service and Training Act (age 21-35)

This was the first

By the end of the war over

draft in American history
million men had served
About 5 million men
and another 10 million were
_________________________
Converting the Economy

One of the key factors in America’s success in WWII was the high productivity of its industry.

Automobile factories began to produce

The automobile industry produced nearly __________of the _________________ equipment
.
manufactured during the war.

The
(WPB) could set production goals and control
the distribution of raw materials and supplies.
Life on the Home Front


____________________________________
Rationing

_
Each household would pick up a book of
________________________________(OP
ration coupons each month.

A)


Blue coupons controlled
Created to stabilize wages and prices
______________________________

__________________ many products to
Red coupons were for
make sure there were enough for the military

______________________________

_____________________ and
In order to buy food you had to have
_____________ were all restricted
enough ______________ [and
_____________ of course]


_____________________________

Scrap Drives

Americans were encouraged to plant
gardens to help support the war effort
government organized scrap drives to
collect certain raw materials

____________________________
____________________ were
collected in various forms
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
Oil Collecting Stations

Oils and ____________ were
important to making ______________

________________________ and
meat drippings could be exchanged for
extra __________________________
The Cost of the War

US Gov spent more than ___________________________ during the war

more money than it had spent from Washington’s administration through the end of FDR’s
second term

____________ were raised


this only covered ___________ of the cost of the war
_________________________ were used to raise the rest of the money

American citizens bought _________________

Financial institutions bought ___________________
Women and Minorities

At the start of WWII, U.S. military was

completely ___________________


Military bases were integrated in
_________, but African Americans
were still organized into their own
military units

About _______________African Americans

and nearly ________________ Hispanic
Americans served in the military




___________ women joined the armed forces,
but were barred from ________________
Women had their own branches of services,
including:
 Women's Army Auxiliary Corps (later
the Women's Army Corps or WAC),
 the Women Airforce Service Pilots
(WASP), and
 the Women Accepted for Volunteer
Military Services (WAVES)
About _____ of women who served in the
military during WWII held traditionally
"female" jobs as ________, clerks, and mail
sorters
On the home front, the war produced ____________________ new jobs which were increasingly filled
by women and minorities.
Eventually ________________________ women went to work in factories.
In 1941 FDR issued an executive order making discrimination in defense industries
or the government illegal.
Rosie the Riveter Details:
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WWII Propaganda
Background:
Guns, tanks, and bombs were the principal weapons of World War II, but there were other, more subtle
forms of warfare as well. Words, posters, and films waged a constant battle for the hearts and minds of the
American citizenry just as surely as military weapons engaged the enemy. Persuading the American public
became a wartime industry, almost as important as the manufacturing of bullets and planes. The
Government launched an aggressive propaganda campaign with clearly articulated goals and strategies to
galvanize public support, and it recruited some of the nation's foremost intellectuals, artists, and filmmakers
to wage the war on that front.
What is Propaganda?
Information, ideas, or rumors designed to influence the way you think and act; propaganda may "stretch
the truth" or it may not tell you "the whole truth"
Five Main Objectives of Propaganda
Recruitment of Soldiers: The objective is to convince Americans to join the army.
Financing the War Effort: The objective is to convince Americans to give money to the government to
help pay for the war. [for example: Buy War Bonds]
Unifying the Country Around the War Effort: The objective is to convince Americans that entering the
war is a good idea and to increase patriotism.
Conservation of Resources: The objective is to convince Americans to not waste resources. [for example:
Grow your own garden or Use less gasoline for your car.]
Increasing Support on the Home Front: The objective is to have those Americans that are not in the army
helping at home. All Americans can participate and help win the war. [for example: Women replace men
in factories to create weapons.]
Propaganda Techniques
Demonization: This is when the artist portrays an individual as a demon or some form of a monster.
Emotional Appeal: This is when the viewers emotions are being used in order to have them agree with the
message. [for example: Poster showing that thousands of Americans have died by the hands of the
Germans.]
Patriotic Appeal: This is when the artist appeals to the love of one's country. Usually has a country's flag
or some form of representation for that country. [for example: American Flag or American soldier.]
Name Calling: This is when the artist calls other group of people by derogatory names. [for example:
Germans are called Huns and the Japanese are called Japs. Japs has a bad connotation or meaning.]
Appeal to Fear: It seeks to build support and unites a group of people by instilling fear in the general
population. It scares Americans, for example, into believing that the war has to be fought otherwise they
will be invaded by monstrous Germans and Japanese.
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Catchy Slogan: The artist uses phrases or words in order to grab the viewer's attention. These slogans are
also very easy to remember and have a very clear message. It also plays on the prejudice or racism that
exists against these people. [for example: Remember the Lusitania!]
Bandwagon: When the audience is told that everyone else is doing it. It makes the audience (Americans)
want to be a part of the crowd and to not feel left out. [for example: poster saying that victory is inevitable,
so you should join and support the cause to be on the winning side.]
Describe
Objective
Technique
A
B
C
Task:
Create an original piece of World War II Propaganda
 Must be a hand drawn by you, no tracing or copying (you may look at a picture to reference while
drawing)

Must be related to World War II and from the US perspective

Cannot be a recreation or modification of any existing propaganda

You should be encouraging people to do (or not do) something to help the war effort.

Come up with a good slogan for you poster (what it is you want people to do or not to do).
o The more catchy and unique your slogan is, the better your poster will be.
o Try things like rhyming, appealing to people’s emotions, appealing to patriotism, or
wording something in a unique way that will catch people’s attention.

Next decide how you are going to illustrate your poster.
o You will not be graded on artistic ability, but rather the thoughts behind your poster.
o Neatness and legibility will be part of your grade; so, don’t be sloppy
We will be voting on the best poster, this is a contest between all periods for the best posters…Good
Luck!
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Japanese American Internment
Background Details:
Round 1
Document
Reasons for internment
suggested by this document
Interesting or important details
Government
Newsreel
Date: ___________
Based upon what you’ve learned so far: Why were Japanese Americans interned during the Second World War?
Provide details to support your answer.
Round 2
Document
Reasons for internment
suggested by this document
The Munson Report
Date: ___________
The Crisis Article
Date: ___________
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Interesting or important details
Based upon what you’ve learned so far: Why were Japanese Americans interned during the Second World War?
Provide details to support your answer.
Round 3
Document
Reasons for internment
suggested by this document
Interesting or important details
Korematsu v. United
States
Date: ___________
“Personal Justice
Denied”
Date: ___________
Why were Japanese Americans interned during the Second World War? Provide details to support your answer.
Final Details on Japanese Internment:
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The War in Europe and the Pacific
The War in Europe
The Big Three
• FDR, Churchill, and Stalin
Stalin
• wanted the Allies to
Churchill and FDR
• attacked North Africa and
open a __________
Italy first, the __________
_________________
_____________________
• decided to defeat the __________ before
turning to the ______________________
Major Events
Stalingrad
• August 1942 – February 1943
• ____ million casualties
D-Day
• June 6, 1944
•
Largest _______________________ assault in history
• Turning point on the
____________________ front
•
160k soldiers, 5k ships, 1.5k tanks, 24k paratroopers
•
______________ casualties first day, __________
Americans
Bombing Raids on Germany
• Strategic bombing – bombing major cities and
April and May 1945
• April 12, 1945 – _________ died
•
civilian populations
•
By _______ – US was dropping about 53k
April 30, 1945 – ___________ committed
suicide
•
tons of bombs on Germany _______________
____________
May 7, 1945 – ______________ surrendered
(V-E Day)
The War in the Pacific
Pearl Harbor
The Philippines
• The day after the attack at ________________
•
•
The Bataan Death March
• April 1942, Bataan fell to the Japanese
_______________, the Japanese began to
• _____________________ troops were captured
invade the Philippines (Dec 1941)
• They were forced to march, estimated that
The US fought to hold the Philippines against
____________________ died
____________________
• Very little food and water
In April 1942, General ________________
• __________ miles in six days
was forced to abandon the island and about
• About 100 men loaded into railroad cars that
________ American and Filipino troops total
•
were designed to hold 30-40 men
MacArthur promised, “I shall return”
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Island Hopping:
Battle of
Midway:
Battle of the Coral Sea:
Hiroshima and Nagasaki:
Firebombing of Japan:
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Additional Details on WWII
o WWII ended the Great Depression in America
o Double V Campaign
o Americans were fighting to end racism abroad and racism in America
o Yalta Conference – February 1945
o Stalin, Churchill and FDR
o decide to meet again after Germany surrenders to determine postwar border in Europe
o Truman was president at the end of WWII
o Truman was the one to decide whether or not atomic bombs should be used
o Potsdam Conference – Summer 1945
o Stalin, Churchill and Truman meet to negotiate the terms for the end of WWII
o Truman had replaced FDR
o Churchill was voted out as Prime Minister and replaced by Clement Atlee
o Due to these changes, Stalin tried to bully Truman and Atlee into getting what he wanted –
they no longer had a common enemy
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BOMBING OF HIROSHIMA AND NAGASAKI
On August 6, 1945, during World War II (1939-45), an American B-29 bomber dropped
the world’s first deployed atomic bomb over the Japanese city of Hiroshima. The explosion
wiped out 90 percent of the city and immediately killed 80,000 people; tens of thousands
more would later die of radiation exposure. Three days later, a second B-29 dropped
another A-bomb on Nagasaki, killing an estimated 40,000 people. Japan’s Emperor
Hirohito announced his country’s unconditional surrender in World War II in a radio
address on August 15, citing the devastating power of “a new and most cruel bomb.”
THE MANHATTAN PROJECT
Even before the outbreak of war in 1939, a group of American scientists–many of them
refugees from fascist regimes in Europe–became concerned with nuclear weapons research
being conducted in Nazi Germany. In 1940, the U.S. government began funding its own
atomic weapons development program, which came under the joint responsibility of the
Office of Scientific Research and Development and the War Department after the U.S.
entry into World War II. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers was tasked with spearheading
the construction of the vast facilities necessary for the top-secret program, codenamed “The
Manhattan Project” (for the engineering corps’ Manhattan district).
Over the next several years, the program’s scientists worked on producing the key materials
for nuclear fission–uranium-235 and plutonium (Pu-239). They sent them to Los Alamos,
New Mexico, where a team led by J. Robert Oppenheimer worked to turn these materials
into a workable atomic bomb. Early on the morning of July 16, 1945, the Manhattan Project
held its first successful test of an atomic device–a plutonium bomb–at the Trinity test site
at Alamogordo, New Mexico.
NO SURRENDER FOR THE JAPANESE
By the time of the Trinity test, the Allied powers had already defeated Germany in Europe.
Japan, however, vowed to fight to the bitter end in the Pacific, despite clear indications (as
early as 1944) that they had little chance of winning. In fact, between mid-April 1945
(when President Harry Truman took office) and mid-July, Japanese forces inflicted Allied
casualties totaling nearly half those suffered in three full years of war in the Pacific, proving
that Japan had become even more deadly when faced with defeat. In late July, Japan’s
militarist government rejected the Allied demand for surrender put forth in the Potsdam
Declaration, which threatened the Japanese with “prompt and utter destruction” if they
refused.
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General Douglas MacArthur and other top military commanders favored continuing the
conventional bombing of Japan already in effect and following up with a massive invasion,
codenamed “Operation Downfall.” They advised Truman that such an invasion would
result in U.S. casualties of up to 1 million. In order to avoid such a high casualty rate,
Truman decided–over the moral reservations of Secretary of War Henry Stimson, General
Dwight Eisenhower and a number of the Manhattan Project scientists–to use the atomic
bomb in the hopes of bringing the war to a quick end. Proponents of the A-bomb–such as
James Byrnes, Truman’s secretary of state–believed that its devastating power would not
only end the war, but also put the U.S. in a dominant position to determine the course of
the postwar world.
“LITTLE BOY” AND “FAT MAN”
Hiroshima, a manufacturing center of some 350,000 people located about 500 miles from
Tokyo, was selected as the first target. After arriving at the U.S. base on the Pacific island
of Tinian, the more than 9,000-pound uranium-235 bomb was loaded aboard a modified
B-29 bomber christened Enola Gay (after the mother of its pilot, Colonel Paul Tibbets).
The plane dropped the bomb–known as “Little Boy”–by parachute at 8:15 in the morning,
and it exploded 2,000 feet above Hiroshima in a blast equal to 12-15,000 tons of TNT,
destroying five square miles of the city.
Hiroshima’s devastation failed to elicit immediate Japanese surrender, however, and on
August 9 Major Charles Sweeney flew another B-29 bomber, Bockscar, from Tinian. Thick
clouds over the primary target, the city of Kokura, drove Sweeney to a secondary target,
Nagasaki, where the plutonium bomb “Fat Man” was dropped at 11:02 that morning. More
powerful than the one used at Hiroshima, the bomb weighed nearly 10,000 pounds and was
built to produce a 22-kiloton blast. The topography of Nagasaki, which was nestled in
narrow valleys between mountains, reduced the bomb’s effect, limiting the destruction to
2.6 square miles.
At noon on August 15, 1945 (Japanese time), Emperor Hirohito announced his country’s
surrender in a radio broadcast. The news spread quickly, and “Victory in Japan” or “V-J
Day” celebrations broke out across the United States and other Allied nations. The formal
surrender agreement was signed on September 2, aboard the U.S. battleship Missouri,
anchored in Tokyo Bay.
DID YOU KNOW?
After World War II, most of Hiroshima would be rebuilt, though one destroyed section was set aside as a reminder of
the effects of the atomic bomb. Each August 6, thousands of people gather at Peace Memorial Park to join in interfaith
religious services commemorating the anniversary of the bombing.
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Discussion Questions:
1. Why did the US decide to build an atom bomb?
2. Why did the US decide to use the atom bomb?
3. What impact did the atom bombs have?
4. Based upon your current information, was the US justified in dropping the bombs on Hiroshima
and Nagasaki? Why or why not?
Additional Details (as needed)
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Arguments for dropping the bombs
1. Save (1,000,000?) American and Japanese lives. Japanese resisted US forces by
use of Kamikaze pilots in Okinawa and fighting without surrender at Iwo Jima and
other battles. They didn’t surrender after the firebombing of major cities, nor after
Hiroshima.
2. End the war quickly. The US was tired after 4 years of war. Germany had already
surrendered in May, 1945. Japan resisted an unconditional surrender.
3. Demonstrate US power to the world.
4. Racism. US policy makers expressed racist attitudes toward Japanese.
5. Revenge. Truman suggested after the war that he wanted to exact revenge for Pearl
Harbor.
6. Large resources went into the development of the atomic bomb, and there was a
desire to use it and test it.
7. As an unelected President, Truman was controlled by his close advisors who
favored using the bomb. Kept in the dark as VP under FDR.
Arguments against dropping the bombs
1. Moral failure for being the only country to use an atomic bomb in war. The attack
struck mainly civilians who outnumbered military personnel 6:1.
2. Japan may have been ready to surrender. It was blockaded. Its navy and air force
was destroyed. It’s overseas possessions were confiscated.
3. The US needlessly insisted upon an unconditional surrender, since Japan was
willing to surrender if it could retain the Emperor.
4. US moral authority, nationally and internationally, was weakened.
5. Contributed to mistrust held by the USSR and prompted a dangerous arms race.
6. Some argue there was no need for the second bomb on Nagasaki.
7. There were many prominent military personnel against dropping the bomb, like
Eisenhower, under-Secretary of the Navy, Ralph Bard, Army Chief of Staff
General George C. Marshall, and Admiral Chester W. Nimitz, Commander in
Chief of the Pacific Fleet.
8. Couldn’t they have dropped the bomb in the water as a threat to force the
surrender?
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Study Guide
Test Topics
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Mussolini
Stalin
Hitler
FDR
Truman
Appeasement
Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact
Pearl Harbor
Bombing of Germany
Bombing of Japan – firebombing
Battle of Britain
Rise of dictatorships
Nye Committee
Double V Campaign
Bataan Death March
Axis Powers
Allied Powers
Destroyers for Bases
Cash and Carry
Lend Lease Act
Women in the military
Women in the workforce
Minorities in the military
Neutrality Acts
Blitzkrieg
Industrial Production
Rationing
Midway Island
Japanese American Relocation
Stalingrad
Rationing
D-Day
Island Hopping
V-E Day
Doolittle Raids
Iwo Jima
Okinawa
V-J Day
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
There will be two portions to this assessment. You will complete a writing work sample regarding Hiroshima and
Nagasaki (this counts as a work sample, but is also scored as part of your test for this unit). You will then complete
a multiple choice assessment (on a different day) regarding the remaining content.
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