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Transcript
CELLS Cell Movement http://web.uaccb.edu/AcademicDivisions/MathScience/Science/BWheeler/Ess/figs/03_04Figure-U.jpg ORGANELLES The cell is the smallest unit of life, their functions include: Movement Making proteins Making energy Removing waste Cell movement/structure utilizes the following organelles: Cytoplasm Cytoskeleton Cell wall (more for maintaining shape) Cell membrane CYTOPLASM http://www.learner.org/courses/essential/life/images/show1.cytoplasm.jpg Cytoplasm holds the inside parts of the cell and helps move materials through the cell SIZE MATTERS Small cells are more efficient Small cells exchange materials faster than large cells molecules have less distance to travel from membrane to cell center http://25.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_m5yozwWzE31qj8btco1_500.jpg CYTOSKELETON Cytoskeleton helps with cell movement, shape and reproduction http://www.proteinatlas.org/images_dictionary/microtubules__4__21431__1_blue_green.jpg CELL WALL In plants, the cell wall helps the cell maintain shape especially when the cell has too little or too much water http://academic.pgcc.edu/~kroberts/Lecture/Chapter%203/03-24_EukaryCellWall_L.jpg http://askabiologist.asu.edu/sites/default/ files/resources/articles/cells/plant_cell.jpg CELL MEMBRANE The cell membrane is the outer boundary of the cell, it separates the outside from the inside The cell membrane has 2 layers: it is also known as a phospholipid bilayer It is studded with trans-membrane proteins, protein channels and other molecules http://store.bioetch.com/sites/store.bioetch.com/files/imagecache/product_full/cell_membrane_02.jpg SELECTIVE PERMEABILITY The cell membrane controls what comes and goes out of the cell it is selective Water, small molecules and nonpolar molecules can move freely through the membrane, the membrane is permeable for these molecules http://4e7221.medialib.glogster.com/media/77483241710e83957bc7ab27e6157eef67b32101efb20098763d3564a352fbf1/cell-membrane.png CELL MOVEMENT Molecules that pass freely through the cell do so by: Diffusion Osmosis (water only) For molecules that do not pass through the semipermeable membrane the cell transports the molecules across by: Facilitated diffusion DIFFUSION Diffusion is the movement of substances down their concentration gradient (from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration) http://faculty.southwest.tn.edu/rburkett/GB1-os18.jpg http://www.toltec.biz/how_dialysis_works/diffusion.jpg OSMOSIS Osmosis is the diffusion of water Water moves down its concentration gradient Water’s concentration depends on the amount of solute (a substance dissolved in a liquid) in solution More solute means less water High Water High Solute, low water http://apbrwww5.apsu.edu/thompsonj/Anatomy%20&%20Physiology/2010/2010%20Exam%20Reviews/Exam%201%20Review/osmosis.bmp https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nHWUAdkYq4Q FACILITATED DIFFUSION Facilitated diffusion allows for larger molecules to pass across the membrane The movement is facilitated by protein channels in the membrane http://djgarbe.edublogs.org/files/2011/06/07_15FacilitatedDiffusionA-27p2owd.jpg