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SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS CHAPTER 14 Education and Religion Section 1: The Sociology of Education Section 2: The Sociology of Religion 1 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Section 1: The Sociology of Education Objectives: Explain how the views of functionalist, conflict, and interactionist sociologists differ concerning education. Identify some of the current issues in American education. 2 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Section 1: The Sociology of Education Comparing Functionalist, Conflict, and Interactionist Perspectives of Education Functionalist – schools help maintain the stability and smooth operation of society Conflict – the educational system serves to limit the potential of certain people and groups to gain power and social rewards Interactionist – students’ educational achievements and success are shaped in part by teacher-student interactions 3 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Section 1: The Sociology of Education Current Issues in American Education Educational Reform – to address a decline in the level of the quality of education; has led to some improvements Educational Alternatives – provides school choice through vouchers, charter schools, and options such as homeschooling 4 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Section 1: The Sociology of Education Current Issues in American Education (continued) Violence in the Schools – has led to the use of security measures; zero tolerance policies, and conflict-resolution programs Bilingual Education – controversial, particularly in states with many Hispanics; has led to “English Only” movement 5 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Section 2: The Sociology of Religion Objectives: Identify the basic societal needs that religion serves. Describe the distinctive features of religion in American society. 6 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Section 2: The Sociology of Religion Functions of Religion Social Cohesion – strengthening of bonds among people Social Control – encourages conformity to the norms of society Emotional Support – to provide emotional support during difficult times 7 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Section 2: The Sociology of Religion Religion in American Society Free from persecution Culturally diverse Highly valued but may be losing influence Separation of church and state Many believe in God but fewer are affiliated with religious organizations and even fewer attend services 8 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Section 2: The Sociology of Religion Religion in American Society (continued) Most Americans are monotheistic Protestants are most numerous, but the Roman Catholic Church is the largest single organization Rising participation in fundamentalist and evangelical Christian groups 9 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON