Download Naming Compounds - srhssystemsscience

• Warm-Up:
1. What are the two types of
Naming Compounds
compounds? Differentiate
Outcome: Students
will be able to
the two and give examples
name ionic and
for each.
covalent
compounds by
designing a
thinking map.
Naming Binary Ionic Compounds
Use the following guidelines:
1. Name the cation (metal) first followed by the
anion with an –ide ending.
2. If the metal is a transition metal, use a roman
numeral to indicate the charge of the cation.
Example:
MgS
Li2O
Naming Ternary Ionic Compounds.
• Guidelines:
1. Name the cation followed by the name of the
polyatomic ion.
2. Use roman numeral if cation is transition
metal.
Example:
CaCO3
Na2SO4
FePO4
Binary Molecular Compounds
To name a binary molecular compound,
use the following guidelines.
1. Write the names of the elements in the order listed in
the formula.
2. Use prefixes appropriately to indicate the number of
each kind of atom.
If just one atom of the first element is in the
formula, omit the prefix mono- for that element.
Also, the vowel at the end of a prefix is sometimes
dropped when the name of the element begins
with a vowel.
3. End the name of the second element with the suffix ide.
Copyright © Pearson
Education, Inc., or its affiliates.
Binary Molecular Compounds
Naming Binary Molecular Compounds
Prefixes in the
names of binary
molecular
compounds help
distinguish
compounds
containing different
numbers of atoms,
such as CO and CO2.
Copyright © Pearson
Education, Inc., or its affiliates.
All Rights Reserved.
Prefixes Used in Naming Binary
Molecular Compounds
Prefix
Number
mono-
1
di-
2
tri-
3
tetra-
4
penta-
5
hexa-
6
hepta-
7
octa-
8
nona-
9
deca-
10
Sample Problem 9.6
Naming Binary Molecular Compounds
Name the following binary molecular
compounds.
a. N2O
b. PCl3
Copyright © Pearson
Education, Inc., or its affiliates.
All Rights Reserved.
Sample Problem 9.7
Writing Formulas for Binary Molecular
Compounds
Write formulas for the following binary
molecular compounds.
a. nitrogen trifluoride
b. disulfur dichloride
Note: The number 1 is never used as a subscript
in a formula.
Copyright © Pearson
Education, Inc., or its affiliates.
All Rights Reserved.
What are binary molecular
compounds composed of? How is
their composition different from
binary ionic compounds?
Copyright © Pearson
Education, Inc., or its affiliates.
All Rights Reserved.
What are binary molecular compounds
composed of? How is their composition
different from binary ionic compounds?
Binary molecular compounds are
composed of two elements, which are
nonmetals and are not ions. Binary ionic
compounds are composed of the ions of
two elements, a metal and a nonmetal.
Copyright © Pearson
Education, Inc., or its affiliates.
All Rights Reserved.
BIG IDEA
Ionic and molecular compounds differ in
composition—ions form ionic compounds, and
molecules form molecular compounds.
Copyright © Pearson
Education, Inc., or its affiliates.
All Rights Reserved.
Naming Acids
• Acids have a general formula of HnX
• where X is a monatomic or polyatomic anion
and n is a subscript indicating the number of
hydrogen ions that are combined with the
anion.
Names and Formulas of Acids
– Three rules can help you name an acid with the
general formula HnX dissolved in water.
• The naming system depends on the name of the
anion (X), in particular the suffix of the anion name.
• Each rule deals with an anion with a different suffix:
-ide, -ite, and -ate.
Copyright © Pearson
Education, Inc., or its affiliates.
All Rights Reserved.
Names and Formulas of Acids
– Three rules can help you name an acid with the
general formula HnX dissolved in water.
1. When the name of the anion ends in -ide, the acid
name begins with the prefix hydro-. The stem of
the anion has the suffix -ic and is followed by the
word acid.
– Therefore, HCl (X= chloride) is named hydrochloric acid.
Copyright © Pearson
Education, Inc., or its affiliates.
All Rights Reserved.
Names and Formulas of Acids
– Three rules can help you name an acid with the
general formula HnX dissolved in water.
2. When the anion name ends in -ite, the acid name
is the stem of the anion with the suffix -ous,
followed by the word acid.
– Thus, H2SO3 (X = sulfite) is named sulfurous acid.
Copyright © Pearson
Education, Inc., or its affiliates.
All Rights Reserved.
Names and Formulas of Acids
– Three rules can help you name an acid with the
general formula HnX dissolved in water.
3. When the anion name ends in -ate, the acid name
is the stem of the anion with the suffix -ic,
followed by the word acid.
– Thus, HNO3 (X = nitrate) is named nitric acid.
Copyright © Pearson
Education, Inc., or its affiliates.
All Rights Reserved.
Names and
Formulas of Acids
These three rules for naming an acid with the
general formula HnX dissolved in water are
summarized in the table below.
Naming Common Acids
Anion
ending
Example
Acid name
Example
-ide
chloride, Cl–
hydro-(stem)-ic acid
hydrochloric acid
-ite
sulfite, SO3–
(stem)-ous acid
sulfurous acid
-ate
nitrate, NO3–
(stem)-ic acid
nitric acid
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights
Names and Formulas of Acids
Writing Formulas of Acids
To write the formula for an acid, use the rule for
writing the name of the acid in reverse. Then,
balance the ionic charges just as you would for any
ionic compound.
Copyright © Pearson
Education, Inc., or its affiliates.
All Rights Reserved.
Names and Formulas of Acids
Writing Formulas of Acids
– For example, consider hydrobromic acid.
• Rule 1 states: When the name of the anion ends in ide, the acid name begins with the prefix hydro-. The
stem of the anion has the suffix -ic and is followed by
the word acid.
• Following Rule 1, hydrobromic acid (hydro- prefix
and -ic suffix) must be a combination of hydrogen
ion (H+) and bromide ion (Br –).
•
The formula is HBr.
Copyright © Pearson
Education, Inc., or its affiliates.
All Rights Reserved.
Names and Formulas of Acids
Writing Formulas of Acids
– How do you write the formula for phosphorous acid?
• Rule 2 states: When the anion name ends in -ite, the
acid name is the stem of the anion with the suffix -ous,
followed by the word acid.
• Using Rule 1, hydrogen ion and phosphite ion (PO33–)
must be the components of phosphorous acid.
– You need three hydrogen ions to balance the 3–
charge of the phosphite ion.
– Thus, the formula for phosphorous acid is H3PO3.
Copyright © Pearson
Education, Inc., or its affiliates.
All Rights Reserved.
Names and Formulas of Acids
Writing Formulas of Acids
– Finally, what is the formula for sulfuric acid?
• Rule 3 states: When the anion name ends in
-ate, the acid name is the stem of the anion with the
suffix -ic, followed by the word acid.
• According to Rule 3, sulfuric acid (-ic ending) must be
a combination of hydrogen ion and sulfate ion (SO42–
).
– The formula for sulfuric acid is H2SO4 because
two hydrogen ions are needed to balance the 2–
charge of the sulfate anion.
Copyright © Pearson
Education, Inc., or its affiliates.
All Rights Reserved.
Names and
Formulas of Acids
Writing Formulas of Acids
– Many industrial
processes, including
steel and fertilizer
manufacturing, use
acids.
– You should become
familiar with the
names and formulas
of common acids such
as those listed in the
table at right.
Common Acids
Name
Formula
Hydrochloric acid
HCl
Sulfuric acid
H2SO4
Nitric acid
HNO3
Ethanoic acid
HC2H3O2
Phosphoric acid
H3PO4
Carbonic acid
H2CO3
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights
Sample Problem 9.8
Naming Acids
Name the following compounds as
acids.
a. HClO
b. HCN
Copyright © Pearson
Education, Inc., or its affiliates.
All Rights Reserved.
Names and
Formulas of Bases
Names and Formulas of Bases
How do you determine the name and formula
of a base?
Copyright © Pearson
Education, Inc., or its affiliates.
All Rights Reserved.
Names and
Formulas of Bases
• A base is generally an ionic compound that
produces hydroxide ions when dissolved in
water.
Bases are named in the same way as other
ionic compounds—the name of the cation
is followed by the name of the anion.
Copyright © Pearson
Education, Inc., or its affiliates.
All Rights Reserved.
Sample Problem 9.9
Naming Bases
Name the following bases.
a. KOH
b. Fe(OH)2
Copyright © Pearson
Education, Inc., or its affiliates.
All Rights Reserved.
Glossary Terms
– acid: a compound that produces hydrogen
ions in solution; see also hydrogen-ion donor,
Lewis acid
– base: a compound that produces hydroxide
ions in solution; see also hydrogen-ion
acceptor, Lewis base
Copyright © Pearson
Education, Inc., or its affiliates.
All Rights Reserved.
Summarize…
• Design a thinking map that will help you name
Ionic compounds, molecular compounds,
acids and bases.