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Pinophyta - Gymnosperms! Pinophyta - Gymnosperms! Seed bearing plants without flowers and pistils - naked seeds Gymn-asium = “naked house” Pinophyta - Gymnosperms! Seed bearing plants without flowers and pistils - naked seeds 4 major groups recognized; sometimes as separate phyla 3 families of conifers only in Great Lakes region with 8 genera and 13 species Cupressaceae - junipers Pinaceae - pines, spruces Taxaceae - yews Pinophyta - Gymnosperms! General characteristics: • Less diverse than ferns: 12 families, 80 genera, 820 species • Woody: trees, shrubs, lianas, few epiphytes • Worldwide, but more dominant in colder and arctic regions Pinophyta - Gymnosperms! General characteristics: • Seeds! • = mature ovule • naked seed in cone • No water required for sperm movement pollen • = male gametophyte (heterosporous!) • pollinated by wind (mostly) Pinophyta - Gymnosperms! Good books! Pinophyta - Gymnosperms! Cupressaceae: cypress family Leaves needle or scale-like Opposite or whorled, persistant Important rot resistant trees (redwood, cedar) Thuja occidentalis Arbor vitae, White cedar Leaves opposite in 4 ranks and heteromorphic Branches flattened Small woody cones Pinophyta - Gymnosperms! Cupressaceae: cypress family Leaves needle or scale-like Juniperus Opposite or whorled, persistant Junipers, Red cedar Important rot resistant trees (redwood, cedar) Leaves closely appressed; can be scale-like or awl-like Branches not flattened Blue berry cones Pinophyta - Gymnosperms! Cupressaceae: cypress family Juniperus communis Common juniper Juniperus virginiana Red cedar Juniperus horizontalis Creeping juniper Pinophyta - Gymnosperms! Taxaceae: yew family Leaves needle-like, spreading in one plane - 2 ranked No cones, single seed in fleshy aril, but seeds naked 1 genus Taxus; taxol drug from western T. brevifolia Taxus canadensis American yew Ground hemlock Apostle Islands stand with no deer Pinophyta - Gymnosperms! Taxaceae: yew family Leaves needle-like, spreading in one plane - 2 ranked No cones, single seed in fleshy aril, but seeds naked 1 genus Taxus; taxol drug from western T. brevifolia Taxus cuspidata Japanese yew Pinophyta - Gymnosperms! Pinaceae: pine family 6 genera, 200 species of Northern Hemisphere Foliage leaves needle-like, alternate or fascicled Many seeds enclosed in fleshy to woody cone, with conspicuous cone scales Pinus strobus White pine Alleghenian element Pinophyta - Gymnosperms! Pinaceae: pine family Pinus resinosa Red pine - more xeric than white pine Pinophyta - Gymnosperms! Pinaceae: pine family Pinus banksiana - Jack pine - most xerix of the pines - showing serotinous cones Pinophyta - Gymnosperms! Pinaceae: pine family Pinus banksiana - Jack pine - Keystone species involving glacial geology, jack pine bud worm, defoliation, fire, serotinous cones, endangered Kirtland’s warbler, and parasitic cowbird Pinophyta - Gymnosperms! Pinaceae: pine family “sand counties” due to glacial melt off 7 year old jack pine site – Crawford Co. MI Pinophyta - Gymnosperms! Pinaceae: pine family Endangered Kirtland’s Warbler basically restricted to these sand counties in MI and to young stands of jack pine Jack pine bud worm infestations allow fire and cyclical formation of new stands of jack pine Pinophyta - Gymnosperms! Pinaceae: pine family Parasitic cowbird (and suppression of fire) almost caused the Kirthland’s warbler go extinct Pinophyta - Gymnosperms! Pinaceae: pine family Abies balsamea Balsam fir Larix laricina Larch, tamarack Pinophyta - Gymnosperms! Pinaceae: pine family Picea mariana Black spruce Picea glauca White spruce Tsuga canadensis Eastern hemlock
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