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PowerPoint® Lecture Slides for MICROBIOLOGY ROBERT W. BAUMAN Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Prokaryotes • Most diverse group of organisms • Habitats • From Antarctic _________ to thermal __________ • From colons of animals to cytoplasm of other prokaryotes • From _____________ to supersaturated brine • From disinfectant solutions to ___________ • Only a few capable of colonizing humans and causing disease Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Morphology of Prokaryotic Cells Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 11.1 Reproduction of Prokaryotic Cells • All reproduce asexually • Three methods • Binary fission (most common) • Snapping division • Reproductive structure formation Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Binary Fission Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 11.2 Snapping Division Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 11.3 Reproductive Structure Formation Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 11.5 Arrangements of Prokaryotic Cells • Result from two aspects of division during binary fission • Planes in which cells divide • Separation of daughter cells Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Arrangements of Cocci Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 11.6 Arrangements of Cocci Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 11.6a Arrangements of Cocci Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 11.6b Arrangements of Cocci Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 11.6c Arrangements of Cocci Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 11.6d Arrangements of Cocci Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 11.6e Arrangements of Bacilli Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 11.7 Arrangements of Bacilli Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 11.7a Arrangements of Bacilli Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 11.7b Arrangements of Bacilli Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 11.7c Arrangements of Bacilli Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 11.7d Endospores • Produced by Gram-________ Bacillus and _________ • Each vegetative cell transforms into ____ endospore • Each _______ germinates to form ____ vegetative cell • = defensive strategy against _____________________ Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Endospore Formation Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 11.8 Endospore Formation Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 11.8 Locations of Endospore Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 11.9a Locations of Endospore Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 11.9b Endospores • Extremely resistant to ______________________ and lethal chemicals • Stable resting stage • Can remain viable for _____________________ years • Serious concern to ___________, health care professionals, and ___________ Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Modern Prokaryotic Classification • Currently based on genetic relatedness of rRNA sequences • Three domains • Archaea • _______ • Eukarya Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Archaea • Unique rRNA sequences • No _____________ • Different membrane ______ • AUG start codon = methionine • Types • ______________ • Thermophiles • ___________ • Methanogens Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Bacteria • Deeply Branching Bacteria • Phototrophic Bacteria • Cyanobacteria • Green sulfur bacteria • Green nonsulfur bacteria • Purple sulfur bacteria • Purple nonsulfur bacteria Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Gram Positive Bacteria • Low G + C • High G + C • Clostridia • Corynebacterium • Mycoplasmas • Mycobacterium • Bacillus • Actinomycetes • Listeria • Actinomyces • Lactobacillus • Nocardia • Streptococcus • Streptomyces • Staphylococcus Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Summary of Selected Gram-Positive Bacteria Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Table 11.3.1 Summary of Selected Gram-Positive Bacteria Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Table 11.3.2 Gram-Negative Bacteria • ___________ and ___________ group of bacteria • Proteobacteria - Five distinct classes • Alphaproteobacteria • Betaproteobacteria • Gammaproteobacteria • Deltaproteobacteria • Epsilonproteobacteria • Chlamydias • Spirochetes • Bacteriods Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Summary of Selected Gram-Negative Bacteria Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Table 11.4.1 Summary of Selected Gram-Negative Bacteria Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Table 11.4.2 Summary of Selected Gram-Negative Bacteria Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Table 11.4.3
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